ERA5 monthly mean data on single levels from 1940 to present
English
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ECMWF
数据描述
The dataset comprises ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis, combining model data with observations to provide a globally complete and consistent dataset spanning 8 decades. It provides hourly estimates for atmospheric, ocean-wave, and land-surface quantities, with monthly means pre-calculated. The data has been regridded to a regular lat-lon grid of 0.25 degrees (atmosphere) and 0.5 degrees (ocean waves). The dataset includes parameters like wind components, temperature, dewpoint temperature, air density, and orographic characteristics.
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2021
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10.1038/S41612-024-00703-4
ISSN:2397-3722
Global greening drives significant soil moisture loss
Yongchang Liu•Zhi Li•Yaning Chen•Liangning Jin•Feng Li等 9 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/7/28
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-15
Vegetation dynamics, as fundamental terrestrial ecosystem components, regulate precipitation and evapotranspiration, directly affecting soil moisture (SM). However, global greening’s impact on SM (drying or wetting) remains uncertain. Here, we integrate multi-source satellite observations, reanalysi...
Climate and Earth system modellingClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S43247-025-02470-3
ISSN:2662-4435
A brief history of Asian summer monsoon evolution in the Cenozoic era
S. Abhik•Fabio A. Capitanio•B. N. Goswami•Alexander Farnsworth•Peter D. Clift等 6 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2026
•2026/1/7
•Vol.9 No.1 p.50
The evolution of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) over geological timescale remains uncertain1–3 despite its fundamental role in shaping regional climate4,5, ecosystems6,7, and civilizations8. Using a series of time-slice simulations with a paleo-climate model, we assess how India–Eurasia collision te...
Climate sciencesSolid Earth sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01259-7
ISSN:2397-3722
Kilometer-scale global warming simulations and active sensors reveal changes in tropical deep convection
Maximilien Bolot•Lucas M. Harris•Kai-Yuan Cheng•Timothy M. Merlis•Peter N. Blossey等 10 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/12/13
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-8
Changes in tropical deep convection with global warming are a leading source of uncertainty for future climate projections. A comparison of the responses of active sensor measurements of cloud ice to interannual variability and next-generation global storm-resolving model (also known as k-scale mode...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modelling
10.1038/S41612-023-00525-W
ISSN:2397-3722
Indian summer monsoon’s role in shaping variability in Arctic sea ice
Jiawei Zhu•Zhiwei Wu
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/10/30
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-15
The impacts of Arctic sea ice loss on summertime weather in the Northern Hemisphere have garnered considerable attention. Despite the extensive focus on this relationship, the influence of tropical systems on Arctic regions has been relatively underexplored, with only a limited number of existing st...
Climate changeClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-024-00819-7
ISSN:2397-3722
Warming beneath an East Antarctic ice shelf due to increased subpolar westerlies and reduced sea ice
Julius Lauber•Tore Hattermann•Laura de Steur•Elin Darelius•Matthis Auger等 7 人
Nature Geoscience
2023
•2023/9/21
•00 p.1-9
Understanding how climate change influences ocean-driven melting of the Antarctic ice shelves is one of the greatest challenges for projecting future sea level rise. The East Antarctic ice shelf cavities host cold water masses that limit melting, and only a few short-term observational studies exist...
Cryospheric scienceOcean sciencesPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41561-023-01273-5
ISSN:1752-0894
Understanding the drivers and predictability of record low Antarctic sea ice in austral winter 2023
Zachary I. Espinosa•Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth•Cecilia M. Bitz
Communications Earth & Environment
2024
•2024/11/20
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-9
Since the start of the satellite record in 1978, the three lowest summertime minima in Antarctic sea ice area all occurred within the last seven years and culminated in record low sea ice in austral winter 2023. During this period sea ice area was over 2 million km2 below climatology, a 5 sigma anom...
Climate and Earth system modellingCryospheric science
10.1038/S43247-024-01772-2
ISSN:2662-4435
Global estimates of glacier equilibrium-line altitude ratios for enhanced paleoclimate reconstructions
Weilin Yang•Andrew N. Mackintosh•Emma-Louise Cooper•Yingkui Li•Richard S. Jones等 7 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2026
•2026/3/15
0Glacial landforms record valuable information about past climates, but quantitative reconstructions depend on robust estimates of glacier characteristics, particularly the equilibrium-line altitude. Traditional approaches rely on global mean or median values of equilibrium-line altitude ratios (Accu...
Cryospheric scienceGeomorphology
10.1038/S43247-026-03391-5
ISSN:2662-4435
Severe rapid indian monsoon weakening due to emissions from extreme Canadian wildfires
Iulian-Alin Roșu•Rafaila-Nikola Mourgela•Matthew Kasoar•Manolis P. Petrakis•Apostolos Voulgarakis
Npj Natural Hazards
2026
•2026/2/21
•Vol.3 No.1 p.190
August 2023 was the driest Indian monsoon August in recorded history, the causes for this extended precipitation deficit in an otherwise typical monsoon remaining unclear. Given that monsoonal precipitation is highly sensitive to northern hemispheric aerosol abundances, here we investigate whether t...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciencesNatural hazards
10.1038/S44304-026-00184-W
ISSN:2948-2100
Decreased cloud cover partially offsets the cooling effects of surface albedo change due to deforestation
Hao Luo•Johannes Quaas•Yong Han
Nature Communications
2024
•2024/8/26
•Vol.15 No.1 p.1-8
Biophysical processes of forests affect climate through the regulation of surface water and heat fluxes, which leads to further effects through the adjustment of clouds and water cycles. These indirect biophysical effects of forests on clouds and their radiative forcing are poorly understood but hig...
Atmospheric scienceClimate change
10.1038/S41467-024-51783-Y
ISSN:2041-1723
Ocean-atmosphere feedbacks key to NAO decadal predictability
Casey R. Patrizio•Panos J. Athanasiadis•Doug M. Smith•Dario Nicolì
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/4/17
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-14
Evidence has emerged that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may be predictable on decadal timescales, which may greatly benefit society given the significant climate impacts that accompany the NAO. However, the mechanisms behind the apparent decadal predictability of the NAO, including the role o...
Atmospheric scienceClimate sciencesOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01027-7
ISSN:2397-3722
Diminishing control of evaporation on rising land surface temperature of the Earth
Jozsef Szilagyi•Yongqiang Zhang•Ning Ma•Richard D. Crago•Russell J. Qualls等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2024
•2024/10/22
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-8
Evaporation rates and land surface temperatures can be modified by planned water availability as well as land use and land cover changes. In general, a higher evaporation rate via its associated latent heat flux yields a cooler surface. Here we demonstrate that increasing energy at the land surface ...
Climate sciencesHydrology
10.1038/S43247-024-01796-8
ISSN:2662-4435
Climate model trend errors are evident in seasonal forecasts at short leads
Jonathan D. Beverley•Matthew Newman•Andrew Hoell
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/11/20
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-13
Climate models exhibit errors in their simulation of historical trends of variables including sea surface temperature, winds, and precipitation, with important implications for regional and global climate projections. Here, we show that the same trend errors are also present in a suite of initialise...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modellingProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41612-024-00832-W
ISSN:2397-3722
Seasonal sea-ice in the Arctic’s last ice area during the Early Holocene
Detlef Henrieka•O’Regan Matt•Stranne Christian•Jensen Mads Mørk•Glasius Marianne等 8 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2023
•2023/3/20
•Vol.4 No.1 p.1-11
According to climate models, the Lincoln Sea, bordering northern Greenland and Canada, will be the final stronghold of perennial Arctic sea-ice in a warming climate. However, recent observations of prolonged periods of open water raise concerns regarding its long-term stability. Modelling studies su...
Cryospheric sciencePalaeoceanographyPalaeoclimateSedimentology
10.1038/S43247-023-00720-W
ISSN:2662-4435
Recent global climate feedback controlled by Southern Ocean cooling
Sarah M. Kang•Paulo Ceppi•Yue Yu•In-Sik Kang
Nature Geoscience
2023
•2023/8/24
•00 p.1-6
The magnitude of global warming is controlled by climate feedbacks associated with various aspects of the climate system, such as clouds. The global climate feedback is the net effect of these feedbacks, and its temporal evolution is thought to depend on the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature ...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate changeProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41561-023-01256-6
ISSN:1752-0894
Tropical SST modes provide a unified explanation for global tropical cyclogenesis changes
Jiangyu Li•Xiangbo Feng•Shaoqing Zhang•Ralf Toumi•Jing Xu
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2026
•2026/1/16
•Vol.9 No.1 p.500
Over the past four decades, global tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) frequency has exhibited no trend related to strong interannual variability and uneven regional TCG trends, despite pronounced global sea surface temperature (SST) increases. This study offers new evidence explaining the disparity between...
Climate sciencesOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-026-01323-W
ISSN:2397-3722
Atmospheric rivers as mediators between climate teleconnections and burned area variability in North America
Flavio Justino•David H. Bromwich•Carlos Gurjão
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/12/30
0This study identifies atmospheric rivers (ARs) as key mediators linking large-scale climate teleconnections, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific-North American pattern (PNA), and Arctic Oscillation (AO), to variations in vegetation activity (NDVI) and burned area (BA) across North Ameri...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciences
10.1038/S43247-025-03124-0
ISSN:2662-4435
Constrained Earth system models show a stronger reduction in future Northern Hemisphere snowmelt water
Yuanfang Chai•Chiyuan Miao•Pierre Gentine•Lawrence Mudryk•Chad W. Thackeray等 11 人
Nature Climate Change
2025
•2025/3/28
•00 p.1-7
Although Earth system models (ESMs) tend to overestimate historical land surface warming, they also overestimate snow amounts in the Northern Hemisphere. By combining ground-based datasets and ESMs, we find that this paradoxical phenomenon is predominantly driven by an overestimation of light snowfa...
Climate and Earth system modellingCryospheric science
10.1038/S41558-025-02308-Y
ISSN:1758-678X
Contrasting influences of biogeophysical and biogeochemical impacts of historical land use on global economic inequality
Liu Shu•Wang Yong•Zhang Guang J.•Wei Linyi•Wang Bin等 6 人
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/5/5
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-14
Climate change has significant implications for macro-economic growth. The impacts of greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols on economies via altered annual mean temperature (AMT) have been studied. However, the economic impact of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) is still unknown because ...
Climate-change impactsEnvironmental economics
10.1038/S41467-022-30145-6
ISSN:2041-1723
Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning
Andersson Tom R.•Hosking J. Scott•Pérez-Ortiz María•Paige Brooks•Elliott Andrew等 17 人
Nature Communications
2021
•2021/8/26
•Vol.12 No.1 p.1-12
Anthropogenic warming has led to an unprecedented year-round reduction in Arctic sea ice extent. This has far-reaching consequences for indigenous and local communities, polar ecosystems, and global climate, motivating the need for accurate seasonal sea ice forecasts. While physics-based dynamical m...
Computer scienceCryospheric scienceEnvironmental impactStatistics
10.1038/S41467-021-25257-4
ISSN:2041-1723
Early aerial expedition photos reveal 85 years of glacier growth and stability in East Antarctica
Mads Dømgaard•Anders Schomacker•Elisabeth Isaksson•Romain Millan•Flora Huiban等 10 人
Nature Communications
2024
•2024/5/25
•Vol.15 No.1 p.1-9
During the last few decades, several sectors in Antarctica have transitioned from glacial mass balance equilibrium to mass loss. In order to determine if recent trends exceed the scale of natural variability, long-term observations are vital. Here we explore the earliest, large-scale, aerial image a...
Climate-change impactsCryospheric science
10.1038/S41467-024-48886-X
ISSN:2041-1723
Atlantic water recirculation in the northern Barents Sea affects winter sea ice extent
Finn Ole Heukamp•Claudia Wekerle•Torsten Kanzow•Rebecca McPherson•Till M. Baumann
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/6/19
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-10
Over the past 50 years, Arctic sea ice has declined in all seasons, with particularly pronounced winter reductions in the Barents Sea. While temperature changes in the Atlantic Water inflow and atmospheric-driven melt have been identified as key drivers of this decline, the role of the return-flow o...
Climate and Earth system modellingOcean sciencesPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-025-59992-9
ISSN:2041-1723
Projected changes in atmospheric moisture transport contributions associated with climate warming in the North Atlantic
José C. Fernández-Alvarez•Albenis Pérez-Alarcón•Jorge Eiras-Barca•Stefan Rahimi•Raquel Nieto等 6 人
Nature Communications
2023
•2023/10/14
•Vol.14 No.1 p.1-12
Global warming and associated changes in atmospheric circulation patterns are expected to alter the hydrological cycle, including the intensity and position of moisture sources. This study presents predicted changes for the middle and end of the 21st century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for two impor...
HydrologyPhysical sciences
10.1038/S41467-023-41915-1
ISSN:2041-1723
Tonga eruption increases chance of temporary surface temperature anomaly above 1.5 °C
Jenkins Stuart•Smith Chris•Allen Myles•Grainger Roy
Nature Climate Change
2023
•2023/1/12
•Vol.13 No.2 p.127-129
On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption injected 146 MtH2O and 0.42 MtSO2 into the stratosphere. This large water vapour perturbation means that HTHH will probably increase the net radiative forcing, unusual for a large volcanic eruption, increasing the chance of the global...
AttributionClimate and Earth system modellingProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41558-022-01568-2
ISSN:1758-678X
Observed decreasing trend in the upper-tropospheric cloud top temperature
Huan Liu•Ilan Koren•Orit Altaratz
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/9/14
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-8
Obtaining the response of cloud top temperature (CTT) to global warming correctly is crucial for understanding the current and future energy budget of the climate system. For a given cloud fraction, colder CTT implies more longwave radiation being capped within the Earth-atmosphere system, consequen...
Climate changeEnvironmental sciences
10.1038/S41612-023-00465-5
ISSN:2397-3722
Increasing aerosol emissions from boreal biomass burning exacerbate Arctic warming
Qirui Zhong•Nick Schutgens•Sander Veraverbeke•Guido R. van der Werf
Nature Climate Change
2024
•2024/11/14
•00 p.1-7
The Northern Hemisphere boreal region is undergoing rapid warming, leading to an upsurge in biomass burning. Previous studies have primarily focused on greenhouse gas emissions from these fires, whereas the associated biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) have received less attention. Here we use satellit...
Atmospheric scienceClimate changeEnvironmental sciences
10.1038/S41558-024-02176-Y
ISSN:1758-678X
Absence of the Great Whirl giant ocean vortex abates productivity in the Somali upwelling region
Fatma Jebri•Meric Srokosz•Dionysios E. Raitsos•Zoe L. Jacobs•Alejandra Sanchez-Franks等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2024
•2024/1/6
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-14
Somali upwelling is the fifth largest upwelling globally with high productivity, attracting tuna migratory species. A key control on the upwelling productivity is its interaction with one of the world’s largest oceanic eddies, the Great Whirl inducing a strong downwelling signal. Here, we use satell...
Marine biologyPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S43247-023-01183-9
ISSN:2662-4435
Atlantic overturning inferred from air-sea heat fluxes indicates no decline since the 1960s
Jens Terhaar•Linus Vogt•Nicholas P. Foukal
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/1/15
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-17
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for global ocean carbon and heat uptake, and controls the climate around the North Atlantic. Despite its importance, quantifying the AMOC’s past changes and assessing its vulnerability to climate change remains highly uncertain. Under...
AttributionClimate and Earth system modellingPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-024-55297-5
ISSN:2041-1723
Northeast Pacific warm blobs sustained via extratropical atmospheric teleconnections
Jian Shi•Hao Huang•Alexey V. Fedorov•Neil J. Holbrook•Yu Zhang等 13 人
Nature Communications
2024
•2024/4/2
•Vol.15 No.1 p.1-9
Large-scale marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific (NEP), identified here and previously as ‘warm blobs’, have devastating impacts on regional ecosystems. An anomalous atmospheric ridge over the NEP is known to be crucial for maintaining these warm blobs, also causing abnormally cold temperatures...
Atmospheric dynamicsAttribution
10.1038/S41467-024-47032-X
ISSN:2041-1723
Half a century of dynamic instability following the ocean-driven break-up of Wordie Ice Shelf
Mads Dømgaard•Romain Millan•Jonas K. Andersen•Bernd Scheuchl•Eric Rignot等 8 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/4/29
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-11
Ice shelves restrain grounded ice discharge into the ocean, and their break-up contributes significantly to Antarctica’s sea level rise. Using aerial imagery from the 1960s and modern satellite data, we construct a long-term record of Wordie Ice Shelf’s disintegration and its effects on tributary gl...
Climate-change impactsCryospheric science
10.1038/S41467-025-59293-1
ISSN:2041-1723
Decreasing dynamic predictability of global agricultural drought with warming climate
Haijiang Wu•Xiaoling Su•Shengzhi Huang•Vijay P. Singh•Sha Zhou等 7 人
Nature Climate Change
2025
•2025/3/17
•00 p.1-9
Droughts have been occurring frequently worldwide in a warming climate with an adverse impact on water–food–energy–ecology security, which raises substantial challenges for drought predictability. However, little is known about the future changes in dynamic predictability of agricultural drought ove...
HydrologyProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41558-025-02289-Y
ISSN:1758-678X
Unusual role of positive Indian Ocean Dipole in the record-low tropical cyclone genesis over the Western North Pacific in 2023
Xi Luo•Lei Zhang•Johnny C. L. Chan•Weiqing Han•Xin Wang等 8 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/9/2
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-8
The number of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) dropped to a record low in 2023, with less than 40% forming during the boreal autumn. While a strong El Niño, positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD), and strong tropical North Atlantic warming coexisted, their relative contribut...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-025-01206-6
ISSN:2397-3722
Unveiling teleconnection drivers for heatwave prediction in South Korea using explainable artificial intelligence
Yeonsu Lee•Dongjin Cho•Jungho Im•Cheolhee Yoo•Joonlee Lee等 7 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/8/3
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-12
Increasing heatwave intensity and mortality demand timely and accurate heatwave prediction. The present study focused on teleconnection, the influence of distant land and ocean variability on local weather events, to drive long-term heatwave predictions. The complexity of teleconnection poses challe...
Atmospheric scienceClimate change
10.1038/S41612-024-00722-1
ISSN:2397-3722
Incorporating heat budget dynamics in a Transformer-based deep learning model for skillful ENSO prediction
Bin Mu•Yuehan Cui•Shijin Yuan•Bo Qin
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/9/6
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-15
While deep learning models have shown promising capabilities in ENSO prediction, their inherent black-box nature often leads to a lack of physical consistency and interpretability. Here, we introduce ENSO-PhyNet, a Transformer-based model for ENSO prediction, which incorporates heat budget dynamical...
Mathematics and computingOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-024-00741-Y
ISSN:2397-3722
Trends and oscillations in arctic mediterranean atmospheric static stability during recent arctic warming
Xin Wang•Jinping Zhao
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/1/24
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-10
The long-term variation in the static stability of lower atmosphere (SSLA) in the Arctic Mediterranean is investigated using reanalysis data. Climatological SSLA is categorized into a high-value region (Polar Region) and two low-value regions in the Norwegian Sea (Region-A) and southern part of Icel...
Atmospheric scienceClimate sciences
10.1038/S41612-024-00576-7
ISSN:2397-3722
Change of El Niño onset location around 1970
Xiao Pan•Tim Li•Jinhua Yu
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/7/5
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-10
A shift of El Niño onset location from eastern Pacific (EP) to western Pacific (WP) occurred around 1970. It was accompanied by a faster mean sea surface temperature (SST) warming in WP and a change of precursory SST and wind anomaly patterns. The eigenvalue analysis of a simple coupled model shows ...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-024-00709-Y
ISSN:2397-3722
Pacific subsurface ocean temperature as a long-range predictor of South China tropical cyclone landfall
Nathan Sparks•Ralf Toumi
Communications Earth & Environment
2020
•2020/10/15
•Vol.1 No.1 p.1-7
Seasonal forecasts of the tropical cyclones which frequently make landfall along the densely populated South China coast are highly desirable. Here, we analyse observations of landfalling tropical cyclones in South China and of subsurface ocean temperatures in the Pacific warm pool region, and ident...
Atmospheric dynamicsNatural hazardsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S43247-020-00033-2
ISSN:2662-4435
Recent frontiers of climate changes in East Asia at global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C
You Qinglong•Jiang Zhihong•Yue Xu•Guo Weidong•Liu Yonggang等 16 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2022
•2022/10/20
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-17
East Asia is undergoing significant climate changes and these changes are likely to grow in the future. It is urgent to characterize both the mechanisms controlling climate and the response of the East Asian climate system at global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C above pre-industrial levels (GW1.5 and GW2 ...
Climate changePolicy
10.1038/S41612-022-00303-0
ISSN:2397-3722
Deep learning model for enhancing decadal prediction of Eurasian surface air temperature
Yuhao Chen•Yanyan Huang•Danwei Qian•Dapeng Zhang•Ni Huang等 7 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2026
•2026/2/16
•Vol.9 No.1 p.770
Decadal climate prediction offers critical scientific guidance for policymakers and supports socioeconomic sustainability. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art dynamical models remain limited in predicting the intricate multidecadal variability in Eurasian surface air temperature (SAT) at mid-to-high lati...
Climate sciencesMathematics and computing
10.1038/S41612-026-01337-4
ISSN:2397-3722
Indian summer monsoon rainfall drives Antarctic climate and sea ice variability through atmospheric teleconnections
Qianghua Song•Chunzai Wang•Lei Zhang•Hanjie Fan
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/9/1
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-9
In recent decades, Antarctica has undergone significant climate change, with most studies focusing on the impact of oceanic multiscale variability on Antarctica, especially on West Antarctica. However, our research reveals that Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall strongly influences the austral win...
Atmospheric scienceClimate changeClimate sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01213-7
ISSN:2397-3722
Changing Northern Hemisphere weather linked to warming amplification in High Mountain Asia
Yongkun Xie•Jianping Huang•Guoxiong Wu•Jiaqin Mi•Yimin Liu等 8 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/11/19
•Vol.6 No.1 p.9320
High Mountain Asia is a global warming hotspot, yet its influence on Northern Hemisphere extreme weather-related synoptic temperature variability remains unclear. Combining observations and numerical model simulations, we show that amplified High Mountain Asia warming has substantially enhanced summ...
Atmospheric dynamicsAttribution
10.1038/S43247-025-02883-0
ISSN:2662-4435
2023-2024 El Niño amplifies record sea level surges in African marine domains
Franck Eitel Kemgang Ghomsi•Julienne Stroeve•Alex Crawford•Alain T. Tamoffo•Fernand L. Mouassom等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2026
•2026/1/19
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1790
Africa’s coastal regions face accelerating sea level rise compounded by climate variability. Here we analyze satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2024 across African marine domains. The 2023–2024 El Niño produced the largest detrended sea level anomaly on record (27 mm), exceeding even the stronger...
Developing worldEnvironmental impactHydrologyNatural hazardsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S43247-026-03204-9
ISSN:2662-4435
Response of stratospheric water vapour to warming constrained by satellite observations
Peer Nowack•Paulo Ceppi•Sean M. Davis•Gabriel Chiodo•Will Ball等 10 人
Nature Geoscience
2023
•2023/6/26
•00 p.1-7
Future increases in stratospheric water vapour risk amplifying climate change and slowing down the recovery of the ozone layer. However, state-of-the-art climate models strongly disagree on the magnitude of these increases under global warming. Uncertainty primarily arises from the complex processes...
Atmospheric scienceClimate and Earth system modellingProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41561-023-01183-6
ISSN:1752-0894
Stronger and prolonged El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the Early Eocene warmth
S. Abhik•Dietmar Dommenget•Shayne McGregor•David K. Hutchinson•Sebastian Steinig等 12 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/4/30
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-13
The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, 56–48 million years ago) is investigated using a multi-model ensemble of deep-time climate simulations. We reveal that ENSO sea surface temperature variability during the EECO had significantly longer periodicity...
PalaeoceanographyPalaeoclimate
10.1038/S41467-025-59263-7
ISSN:2041-1723
Turbulent vertical heat flux under Antarctic on-shelf sea ice intensified by the Amundsen Sea Undercurrent
Xingchi Wang•Alessandro Silvano•Yvonne Firing•Bieito Fernández Castro•Carl P. Spingys等 9 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/8/1
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-12
The Amundsen Sea Undercurrent, off West Antarctica, transports warm Circumpolar Deep Water onto the continental shelf, driving basal melting when it reaches the ice shelves through troughs. However, vertical heat loss from the warm inflow to the cold upper ocean remains understudied. Here we use obs...
Cryospheric sciencePhysical oceanography
10.1038/S43247-025-02598-2
ISSN:2662-4435
Oceanic drivers of UK summer droughts
Amulya Chevuturi•Marilena Oltmanns•Maliko Tanguy•Ben Harvey•Cecilia Svensson等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/6/5
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-11
UK droughts are projected to become more frequent under climate change, reinforcing the need to understand their underlying causes. Our study examines oceanic drivers of UK summer droughts and the associated teleconnection pathways. Specifically, we evaluate statistical links between standardized pr...
Hydrology
10.1038/S43247-025-02367-1
ISSN:2662-4435
Declining number of northern hemisphere land-surface frozen days under global warming and thinner snowpacks
Shadi Hatami•Masoud Zaerpour•André S. Ballarin•Jan Franklin Adamowski•Simon Michael Papalexiou等 7 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/12/8
0Freeze–thaw processes shape ecosystems, hydrology, and infrastructure across northern high latitudes. Here we use satellite-based observations from 1979–2021 across 47 northern hemisphere ecoregions to examine changes in the number of frozen land-surface days per year. We find widespread declines, w...
Climate changeClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S43247-025-03059-6
ISSN:2662-4435
Diversity of La Niña onset
Xiao Pan•Tim Li
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/7/11
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-10
Three La Niña onset types were identified by the K-means cluster analysis of equatorial sea surface temperature anomaly evolutions during the past 111 years (1910–2020). The first type is characterized by a slow basin-wide transition from a neutral year to La Niña, driven by tropical North Atlantic ...
Atmospheric dynamicsAtmospheric scienceOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01141-6
ISSN:2397-3722