The dataset, known as the Commuting Matrix 2011 (Matrice del pendolarismo), contains origin-destination data on daily commuting for work or study reasons, based on the population residing in households or communal living arrangements as recorded by the 15th General Population Census on October 9, 2011. It details the number of people moving between or within municipalities, classified by the reason for travel, sex, mode of transport used, departure time slot, and trip duration. The baseline consists of 28,871,447 individuals who declared traveling daily from their residence to their habitual study or work location. A methodological document accompanying the matrix explains its data structure and provides guidance on variables sampled by survey, such as transport mode and travel duration, while additional classifications and questionnaires are included to aid correct data interpretation. This matrix was specifically utilized to define the 2011 local labor systems.