The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Site

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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Established in 1964, The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. It provides information about range, population size, habitat and ecology, use and/or trade, threats, and conservation actions that will help inform necessary conservation decisions. To date, more than 169,400 species have been assessed for The IUCN Red List. Our current goals, based on the IUCN Red List Strategic Plan (2021-2030), are to have 260,000 species assessed and to reassess 142,000 of those species to ensure the information on their status is up-to-date so that we can monitor trends in change of status.

www.iucnredlist.org
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Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria

Albani Rocchetti GiuliaCarta AngelinoMondoni AndreaGodefroid SandrineDavis Charles C.36
Nature Plants
2022
2022/12/19
Vol.8 No.12 p.1385-1393
Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term ‘de...
EvolutionPlant sciences
10.1038/S41477-022-01296-7
ISSN:2055-0278

The latitudinal variation in amphibian speciation rates revisited

Adrián García-RodríguezFabricio VillalobosJulián A. VelascoFranz EsslGabriel C. Costa
Communications Biology
2025
2025/5/28
Vol.8 No.1 p.1-11
Speciation can increase regional species richness, however, our knowledge of how and why speciation rates vary across space is still incomplete. Using comprehensive information on species distributions and their phylogenetic relationships, we describe the global spatial patterns of variation in amph...
MacroecologySpeciation
10.1038/S42003-025-08225-2
ISSN:2399-3642

Over 90 endangered fish and invertebrates are caught in industrial fisheries

Leslie A. RobersonReg A. WatsonCarissa J. Klein
Nature Communications
2020
2020/9/21
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-8
Industrial-scale harvest of species at risk of extinction is controversial and usually highly regulated on land and for charismatic marine animals (e.g. whales). In contrast, threatened marine fish species can be legally caught in industrial fisheries. To determine the magnitude and extent of this p...
Conservation biologyEnvironmental economicsEnvironmental impactMarine biology
10.1038/S41467-020-18505-6
ISSN:2041-1723

A global reptile assessment highlights shared conservation needs of tetrapods

Cox NeilYoung Bruce E.Bowles PhilipFernandez MiguelMarin Julie52
Nature
2022
2022/4/27
00 p.1-6
Comprehensive assessments of species’ extinction risks have documented the extinction crisis1 and underpinned strategies for reducing those risks2. Global assessments reveal that, among tetrapods, 40.7% of amphibians, 25.4% of mammals and 13.6% of birds are threatened with extinction3. Because globa...
Conservation biologyHerpetology
10.1038/S41586-022-04664-7
ISSN:0028-0836

Biodiversity consequences of cropland abandonment

Christopher L. CrawfordR. Alex WiebeHe YinVolker C. RadeloffDavid S. Wilcove
Nature Sustainability
2024
2024/10/28
00 p.1-12
Although cropland expansion continues in many regions, substantial areas of cropland have been abandoned in recent decades as a result of demographic, socioeconomic and technological changes. Variation among species and habitats and limited information on the nature and duration of abandonment have ...
AgricultureBiodiversityConservation biologyRestoration ecology
10.1038/S41893-024-01452-1
ISSN:2398-9629

Sport hunting associated with favourable conservation status of mammals

Jacob E. HillKenneth F. KellnerJerrold L. Belant
Nature Sustainability
2025
2025/12/2
00 p.1-5
Here we analysed use and trade data for terrestrial mammal species worldwide and found that sport hunted species were more likely to have stable or increasing populations and less likely to be listed as threatened compared with non-sport hunted species. Species hunted for food were not more likely t...
BiodiversityConservation biology
10.1038/S41893-025-01714-6
ISSN:2398-9629

Emphasizing declining populations in the Living Planet Report

Murali Gopalde Oliveira Caetano Gabriel HenriqueBarki GoniMeiri ShaiRoll Uri
Nature
2022
2022/1/26
Vol.601 No.7894 p.20-24
Conservation biologyMacroecologyPopulation dynamics
10.1038/S41586-021-04165-Z
ISSN:0028-0836

Global conservation status of the jawed vertebrate Tree of Life

Rikki GumbsOenone ScottRyan BatesMonika BöhmFélix Forest16
Nature Communications
2024
2024/2/29
Vol.15 No.1 p.1-13
Human-driven extinction threatens entire lineages across the Tree of Life. Here we assess the conservation status of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history, using three policy-relevant approaches. First, we calculate an index of threat to overall evolutionary history, showing that we expect to lose 8...
BiodiversityConservation biologyMacroecologyPhylogeneticsTaxonomy
10.1038/S41467-024-45119-Z
ISSN:2041-1723

Global shortfalls in documented actions to conserve biodiversity

Rebecca A. SeniorRuby BagwynDanyan LengAlexander K. KillionWalter Jetz6
Nature
2024
2024/6/5
Vol.630 No.8016 p.387-391
Threatened species are by definition species that are in need of assistance. In the absence of suitable conservation interventions, they are likely to disappear soon1. There is limited understanding of how and where conservation interventions are applied globally, or how well they work2,3. Here, usi...
BiodiversityConservation biology
10.1038/S41586-024-07498-7
ISSN:0028-0836

Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally

Kun GuoPetr PyšekMark van KleunenNicole L. KinlockMagdalena Lučanová14
Nature Communications
2024
2024/2/13
Vol.15 No.1 p.1-10
Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for speci...
Invasive species
10.1038/S41467-024-45667-4
ISSN:2041-1723

Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity

Semenchuk PhilippPlutzar ChristophKastner ThomasMatej SarahBidoglio Giorgio11
Nature Communications
2022
2022/2/1
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-10
Land-use has transformed ecosystems over three quarters of the terrestrial surface, with massive repercussions on biodiversity. Land-use intensity is known to contribute to the effects of land-use on biodiversity, but the magnitude of this contribution remains uncertain. Here, we use a modified coun...
AgroecologyBiodiversityMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-022-28245-4
ISSN:2041-1723

One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction

Catherine A. SayerEresha FernandoRandall R. JimenezNicholas B. W. MacfarlaneGiovanni Rapacciuolo88
Nature
2025
2025/1/8
00 p.1-8
Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse1 and important for livelihoods and economic development2, but are under substantial stress3. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predomi...
BiodiversityConservation biologyZoology
10.1038/S41586-024-08375-Z
ISSN:0028-0836

Uncertainty in ensembles of global biodiversity scenarios

Wilfried ThuillerMaya GuéguenJulien RenaudDirk N. KargerNiklaus E. Zimmermann
Nature Communications
2019
2019/3/29
Vol.10 No.1 p.1-9
While there is a clear demand for scenarios that provide alternative states in biodiversity with respect to future emissions, a thorough analysis and communication of the associated uncertainties is still missing. Here, we modelled the global distribution of ~11,500 amphibian, bird and mammal specie...
BiogeographyClimate-change ecologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-019-09519-W
ISSN:2041-1723

Blocking then stinging as a case of two-step evolution of defensive cage architectures in herbivore-driven ecosystems

Artémis AnestYanis Bouchenak-KhelladiTristan Charles-DominiqueFélix ForestYves Caraglio8
Nature Plants
2024
2024/3/4
00 p.1-11
Dense branching and spines are common features of plant species in ecosystems with high mammalian herbivory pressure. While dense branching and spines can inhibit herbivory independently, when combined, they form a powerful defensive cage architecture. However, how cage architecture evolved under ma...
BiodiversityBiogeographyEvolutionary ecologyPlant evolution
10.1038/S41477-024-01649-4
ISSN:2055-0278

Warming erodes climate connectivity for terrestrial vertebrates

Zhaoning WuJiechen WangHe WuWenyu DaiZhenkang Wang
Nature Climate Change
2026
2026/5/18
00 p.1-9
Although climate-driven connectivity plays a critical role in linking discrete habitats, it remains unclear whether it can continue to support the migration and adaptation of terrestrial vertebrates under global warming. Here we develop a metric to consider this connectivity (functional effectivenes...
BiogeographyClimate changeClimate-change ecologyEcological modelling
10.1038/S41558-026-02658-1
ISSN:1758-678X

Evolutionary history of zoogeographical regions surrounding the Tibetan Plateau

Jiekun HeSiliang LinJiatang LiJiehua YuHaisheng Jiang
Communications Biology
2020
2020/7/31
Vol.3 No.1 p.1-9
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surrounding regions have one of the most complex biotas on Earth. However, the evolutionary history of these regions in deep time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify the temporal changes in beta dissimilarities among zoogeographical regions during the Cenozoic using ...
BiogeographyMacroecology
10.1038/S42003-020-01154-2
ISSN:2399-3642

Elevated extinction risk of cacti under climate change

Pillet MichielGoettsch BarbaraMerow CoryMaitner BrianFeng Xiao7
Nature Plants
2022
2022/4/14
00 p.1-7
Cactaceae (cacti), a New World plant family, is one of the most endangered groups of organisms on the planet. Conservation planning is uncertain as it is unclear whether climate and land-use change will positively or negatively impact global cactus diversity. On the one hand, a common perception is ...
BiodiversityBiogeographyClimate-change ecologyConservation biologyEcological modelling
10.1038/S41477-022-01130-0
ISSN:2055-0278

Evaluation of animal and plant diversity suggests Greenland’s thaw hastens the biodiversity crisis

Ureta CarolinaRamírez-Barahona SantiagoCalderón-Bustamante ÓscarCruz-Santiago PedroGay-García Carlos8
Communications Biology
2022
2022/9/17
Vol.5 No.1 p.1-12
Rising temperatures can lead to the occurrence of a large-scale climatic event, such as the melting of Greenland ice sheet, weakening the AMOC and further increasing dissimilarities between current and future climate. The impacts of such an event are still poorly assessed. Here, we evaluate those im...
Climate-change ecologyEcological modelling
10.1038/S42003-022-03943-3
ISSN:2399-3642

Mangrove dispersal disrupted by projected changes in global seawater density

Van der Stocken TomVanschoenwinkel BramCarroll DustinCavanaugh Kyle C.Koedam Nico
Nature Climate Change
2022
2022/6/30
Vol.12 No.7 p.685-691
The degree to which the distribution of mangrove forests will be impacted by climate change depends on the dispersal and establishment of sea-faring propagules, which drive forest rejuvenation, gene flow and range expansion. Climate change affects sea surface density via changes in temperature and s...
Climate-change ecologyPhysical oceanographyTropical ecology
10.1038/S41558-022-01391-9
ISSN:1758-678X

Rapid range shifts and megafaunal extinctions associated with late Pleistocene climate change

Frederik V. SeersholmDaniel J. WerndlyAlicia GrealyTaryn JohnsonErin M. Keenan Early16
Nature Communications
2020
2020/6/2
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-10
Large-scale changes in global climate at the end of the Pleistocene significantly impacted ecosystems across North America. However, the pace and scale of biotic turnover in response to both the Younger Dryas cold period and subsequent Holocene rapid warming have been challenging to assess because o...
Climate-change ecologyNext-generation sequencingPalaeoclimatePalaeoecology
10.1038/S41467-020-16502-3
ISSN:2041-1723

A general rule on the organization of biodiversity in Earth’s biogeographical regions

R. Bernardo-MadridM. González-SuárezM. RosvallM. RuedaE. Revilla9
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/6/4
00 p.1-12
Life on Earth is a mosaic distributed across biogeographical regions. Their regional species pools have experienced distinct historical and eco-evolutionary pressures, leading to an expected context-dependent organization of biodiversity. Here we identify a general spatial organization within biogeo...
BiogeographyConservation biologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02724-5
ISSN:2397-334X

More than 17,000 tree species are at risk from rapid global change

Coline C. F. BoonmanJosep M. Serra-DiazSelwyn HoeksWen-Yong GuoBrian J. Enquist10
Nature Communications
2024
2024/1/2
Vol.15 No.1 p.1-14
Trees are pivotal to global biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people, yet accelerating global changes threaten global tree diversity, making accurate species extinction risk assessments necessary. To identify species that require expert-based re-evaluation, we assess exposure to change in s...
BiogeographyClimate-change ecologyConservation biologyEcologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-023-44321-9
ISSN:2041-1723

Future climate change vulnerability of endemic island mammals

Camille LeclercFranck CourchampCéline Bellard
Nature Communications
2020
2020/10/2
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-9
Despite their high vulnerability, insular ecosystems have been largely ignored in climate change assessments, and when they are investigated, studies tend to focus on exposure to threats instead of vulnerability. The present study examines climate change vulnerability of islands, focusing on endemic...
Climate-change ecologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-020-18740-X
ISSN:2041-1723

Global evaluation of current and future threats to drylands and their vertebrate biodiversity

Amir LewinGopal MuraliShimon RachmilevitchUri Roll
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2024
2024/7/4
Vol.8 No.8 p.1448-1458
Drylands are often overlooked in broad conservation frameworks and development priorities and face increasing threats from human activities. Here we evaluated the formal degree of protection of global drylands, their land vertebrate biodiversity and current threats, and projected human-induced land-...
Conservation biologySocioeconomic scenarios
10.1038/S41559-024-02450-4
ISSN:2397-334X

Global loss of mountain vegetated landscapes and its impact on biodiversity conservation

Chao YangHaiying XuQingquan LiXuqing WangBohui Tang13
Nature Communications
2025
2025/10/9
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-11
Accelerating human encroachment and natural disasters are causing substantial loss of mountain vegetated landscapes, threatening biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability. The global-scale quantification of the magnitude, variability and drivers of the loss of mountain vegetated landsca...
BiodiversityEcosystem ecologyEnvironmental impactGeography
10.1038/S41467-025-64449-0
ISSN:2041-1723

Historical and projected future range sizes of the world’s mammals, birds, and amphibians

Robert M. BeyerAndrea Manica
Nature Communications
2020
2020/11/6
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-8
Species’ vulnerability to extinction is strongly impacted by their geographical range size. Formulating effective conservation strategies therefore requires a better understanding of how the ranges of the world’s species have changed in the past, and how they will change under alternative future sce...
AgricultureBiodiversityClimate-change ecologyConservation biology
10.1038/S41467-020-19455-9
ISSN:2041-1723

A strategy to assess spillover risk of bat SARS-related coronaviruses in Southeast Asia

Sánchez Cecilia A.Li HongyingPhelps Kendra L.Zambrana-Torrelio CarlosWang Lin-Fa9
Nature Communications
2022
2022/8/9
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-12
Emerging diseases caused by coronaviruses of likely bat origin (e.g., SARS, MERS, SADS, COVID-19) have disrupted global health and economies for two decades. Evidence suggests that some bat SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) could infect people directly, and that their spillover is more frequen...
Ecological epidemiologyEcological modellingViral infection
10.1038/S41467-022-31860-W
ISSN:2041-1723

Extinction of threatened vertebrates will lead to idiosyncratic changes in functional diversity across the world

Toussaint AureleBrosse SébastienBueno C. GuillermoPärtel MeelisTamme Riin6
Nature Communications
2021
2021/8/27
Vol.12 No.1 p.1-12
Although species with larger body size and slow pace of life have a higher risk of extinction at a global scale, it is unclear whether this global trend will be consistent across biogeographic realms. Here we measure the functional diversity of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates in the six terre...
BiodiversityBiogeographyMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-021-25293-0
ISSN:2041-1723

Melanesia holds the world’s most diverse and intact insular amphibian fauna

Oliver Paul M.Bower Deborah S.McDonald Peter J.Kraus FredLuedtke Jennifer16
Communications Biology
2022
2022/11/4
Vol.5 No.1 p.1-10
Identifying hotspots of biological diversity is a key step in conservation prioritisation. Melanesia—centred on the vast island of New Guinea—is increasingly recognised for its exceptionally species-rich and endemic biota. Here we show that Melanesia has the world’s most diverse insular amphibian fa...
BiogeographyConservation biologyHerpetologyTropical ecology
10.1038/S42003-022-04105-1
ISSN:2399-3642

A place-based assessment of biodiversity intactness in sub-Saharan Africa

Hayley S. ClementsReinette BiggsAlta De VosEmmanuel Do Linh SanGareth P. Hempson20
Nature
2025
2025/12/3
00 p.1-9
Maintaining biodiversity is central to the sustainable development agenda1. However, a lack of context-specific biodiversity information at policy-relevant scales has posed major limitations to decision-makers2,3. To address this challenge, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of the biodiversity...
BiodiversityConservation biologyDeveloping worldEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41586-025-09781-7
ISSN:0028-0836

A therapeutic combination of two small molecule toxin inhibitors provides broad preclinical efficacy against viper snakebite

Laura-Oana AlbulescuChunfang XieStuart AinsworthJaffer AlsolaissEdouard Crittenden11
Nature Communications
2020
2020/12/15
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-14
Snakebite is a medical emergency causing high mortality and morbidity in rural tropical communities that typically experience delayed access to unaffordable therapeutics. Viperid snakes are responsible for the majority of envenomings, but extensive interspecific variation in venom composition dictat...
DiseasesDrug discoverySmall molecules
10.1038/S41467-020-19981-6
ISSN:2041-1723

Land vertebrates increasingly exposed to multiple extreme events by 2085

Stefanie HeinickeKarim ZantoutHjalmar S. KühlChristopher P. O. ReyerSandra Zimmermann18
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2026
2026/4/24
00 p.1-10
Understanding how species are exposed to different types of extreme events is an emerging priority to inform biodiversity conservation under climate change. Using climate impact projections and species range data, we predict changes in exposure to droughts, heatwaves, river floods and wildfires for ...
BiodiversityClimate-change ecology
10.1038/S41559-026-03050-0
ISSN:2397-334X

Global meta-analysis shows that threatened flowering plants have higher pollination deficits

Hanyang LinYongge YuanJunmin LiJoanne M. BennettTia-Lynn Ashman17
Nature Communications
2025
2025/7/1
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-10
Most flowering plant species rely on animal pollinators to reproduce, but insufficient pollen receipt, or pollen limitation, commonly occurs and is mediated by plant traits. Pollen limitation could either exacerbate extinction threat or arise as a consequence of population and range declines in thre...
EcologyPlant sciences
10.1038/S41467-025-61032-5
ISSN:2041-1723

Comparing potential biodiversity conflicts from renewable energy expansion in China at different centralization levels

Zhijie ZhouSiyu SunJunjie ZhangYixin FangBinbin V. Li
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2026
2026/6/2
00 p.1-13
The rapid deployment of renewable energy creates urgent trade-offs with biodiversity conservation. The uneven distribution of renewable energy potential and biodiversity creates a critical governance challenge: at which administrative level should goal setting and spatial planning decisions be set t...
BiodiversityConservation biologyEnergy and societySustainability
10.1038/S41559-026-03098-Y
ISSN:2397-334X

Global distribution and conservation status of ecologically rare mammal and bird species

Nicolas LoiseauNicolas MouquetNicolas CasajusMatthias GreniéMaya Guéguen13
Nature Communications
2020
2020/10/8
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-11
Identifying species that are both geographically restricted and functionally distinct, i.e. supporting rare traits and functions, is of prime importance given their risk of extinction and their potential contribution to ecosystem functioning. We use global species distributions and functional traits...
BiodiversityBiogeographyConservation biologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-020-18779-W
ISSN:2041-1723

Species diversity as a surrogate for conservation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in terrestrial vertebrates across the Americas

Giovanni RapacciuoloCatherine H. GrahamJulie MarinJocelyn E. BehmGabriel C. Costa10
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2018
2018/12/10
Vol.3 No.1 p.53-61
Preserving the evolutionary history and ecological functions that different species embody, in addition to species themselves, is a growing concern for conservation. Recent studies warn that conservation priority regions identified using species diversity differ from those based on phylogenetic or f...
BiodiversityConservation biology
10.1038/S41559-018-0744-7
ISSN:2397-334X

Effectiveness of protected areas in conserving tropical forest birds

Victor CazalisKarine PrincéJean-Baptiste MihoubJoseph KellyStuart H. M. Butchart6
Nature Communications
2020
2020/9/14
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-8
Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstones of global biodiversity conservation efforts, but to fulfil this role they must be effective at conserving the ecosystems and species that occur within their boundaries. Adequate monitoring datasets that allow comparing biodiversity between protected and unp...
Community ecologyConservation biology
10.1038/S41467-020-18230-0
ISSN:2041-1723

Choosing fit-for-purpose biodiversity impact indicators for agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion

Gabriela RabeschiniU. Martin PerssonChris WestThomas Kastner
Nature Communications
2025
2025/2/20
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-11
Understanding and acting on biodiversity loss requires robust tools linking biodiversity impacts to land use change, the biggest threat to terrestrial biodiversity. Here we estimate agriculture’s impact on the Brazilian Cerrado’s biodiversity using three approaches—countryside Species-Area Rela...
AgricultureBiodiversitySustainability
10.1038/S41467-025-57037-9
ISSN:2041-1723

Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats

Jennifer A. LuedtkeJanice ChansonKelsey NeamLouise HobinAdriano O. Maciel123
Nature
2023
2023/10/4
Vol.622 No.7982 p.308-314
Systematic assessments of species extinction risk at regular intervals are necessary for informing conservation action1,2. Ongoing developments in taxonomy, threatening processes and research further underscore the need for reassessment3,4. Here we report the findings of the second Global Amphibian ...
BiodiversityConservation biology
10.1038/S41586-023-06578-4
ISSN:0028-0836

The evolution of critical thermal limits of life on Earth

Joanne M. BennettJennifer SundayPiero CalosiFabricio VillalobosBrezo Martínez17
Nature Communications
2021
2021/2/19
Vol.12 No.1 p.1-9
Understanding how species’ thermal limits have evolved across the tree of life is central to predicting species’ responses to climate change. Here, using experimentally-derived estimates of thermal tolerance limits for over 2000 terrestrial and aquatic species, we show that most of the variation in ...
Animal physiologyBiogeographyEvolutionary ecologyPlant physiology
10.1038/S41467-021-21263-8
ISSN:2041-1723

Rare and common vertebrates span a wide spectrum of population trends

Gergana N. DaskalovaIsla H. Myers-SmithJohn L. Godlee
Nature Communications
2020
2020/9/2
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-13
The Earth’s biota is changing over time in complex ways. A critical challenge is to test whether specific biomes, taxa or types of species benefit or suffer in a time of accelerating global change. We analysed nearly 10,000 abundance time series from over 2000 vertebrate species part of the Living P...
BiogeographyConservation biologyMacroecologyPopulation dynamics
10.1038/S41467-020-17779-0
ISSN:2041-1723

Global topographic uplift has elevated speciation in mammals and birds over the last 3 million years

Igea JavierTanentzap Andrew J.
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2021
2021/9/2
00 p.1-6
Topographic change shapes the evolution of biodiversity by influencing both habitat connectivity and habitat diversity as well as abiotic factors like climate. However, its role in creating global biodiversity gradients remains poorly characterized because geology, climate and evolutionary data have...
BiodiversityPalaeoecologySpeciation
10.1038/S41559-021-01545-6
ISSN:2397-334X

The radiation continuum and the evolution of frog diversity

Gen MorinagaJohn J. WiensDaniel S. Moen
Nature Communications
2023
2023/11/4
Vol.14 No.1 p.1-12
Most of life’s vast diversity of species and phenotypes is often attributed to adaptive radiation. Yet its contribution to species and phenotypic diversity of a major group has not been examined. Two key questions remain unresolved. First, what proportion of clades show macroevolutionary dynamics si...
BiodiversityEvolutionary ecologyHerpetologyPhylogenetics
10.1038/S41467-023-42745-X
ISSN:2041-1723

A pan-African spatial assessment of human conflicts with lions and elephants

Enrico Di MininRob SlotowChristoph FinkHans BauerCraig Packer
Nature Communications
2021
2021/5/20
Vol.12 No.1 p.1-10
African lions (Panthera leo) and African savanna (Loxodonta africana) and forest (L. cyclotis) elephants pose threats to people, crops, and livestock, and are themselves threatened with extinction. Here, we map these human-wildlife conflicts across Africa. Eighty-two percent of sites containing lion...
BiogeographyConservation biology
10.1038/S41467-021-23283-W
ISSN:2041-1723

Biological invasions facilitate zoonotic disease emergences

Zhang LinRohr JasonCui RuinaXin YusiHan Lixia13
Nature Communications
2022
2022/4/1
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-11
Outbreaks of zoonotic diseases are accelerating at an unprecedented rate in the current era of globalization, with substantial impacts on the global economy, public health, and sustainability. Alien species invasions have been hypothesized to be important to zoonotic diseases by introducing both exi...
Ecological epidemiologyInvasive speciesMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-022-29378-2
ISSN:2041-1723

Functional diversity of sharks and rays is highly vulnerable and supported by unique species and locations worldwide

Catalina PimientoCamille AlbouyDaniele SilvestroThéophile L. MoutonLaure Velez9
Nature Communications
2023
2023/11/24
Vol.14 No.1 p.1-13
Elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates) are among the most threatened marine vertebrates, yet their global functional diversity remains largely unknown. Here, we use a trait dataset of >1000 species to assess elasmobranch functional diversity and compare it against other previously studied biodiv...
Conservation biologyMacroecologyZoology
10.1038/S41467-023-43212-3
ISSN:2041-1723

Global habitat hotspots and extinction vulnerability of terrestrial vertebrates

Zhaoning WuJiechen WangYunzhi LiuZhenkang WangZiyi Xu
Nature Sustainability
2026
2026/1/9
Vol.9 No.3 p.407-418
Protecting critical habitats globally is essential to buffer threatened species from extinction due to anthropogenic stressors. However, a limited understanding of the global distribution patterns of habitats for threatened terrestrial vertebrates and their associated habitat hotspots hinders effort...
BiodiversityBiogeographyEcological networks
10.1038/S41893-025-01756-W
ISSN:2398-9629

Global correlates of range contractions and expansions in terrestrial mammals

Michela PacificiCarlo RondininiJonathan R. RhodesAndrew A. BurbidgeAndrea Cristiano8
Nature Communications
2020
2020/6/5
Vol.11 No.1 p.1-9
Understanding changes in species distributions is essential to disentangle the mechanisms that drive their responses to anthropogenic habitat modification. Here we analyse the past (1970s) and current (2017) distribution of 204 species of terrestrial non-volant mammals to identify drivers of recent ...
Climate-change ecologyConservation biology
10.1038/S41467-020-16684-W
ISSN:2041-1723

Wildfire risk for species under climate change

Xiaoye YangMark C. UrbanBo SuZiqian ZhongChao Wu6
Nature Climate Change
2026
2026/4/6
00 p.1-9
Wildfires are emerging as a major driver of biodiversity loss, yet their long-term implications for species under climate change remain poorly quantified. Here we show that future wildfire exposure will substantially increase for 9,592 non-marine species identified as threatened by increased fire fr...
BiodiversityClimate change
10.1038/S41558-026-02600-5
ISSN:1758-678X

Synergistic impacts of global warming and thermohaline circulation collapse on amphibians

Julián A. VelascoFrancisco EstradaOscar Calderón-BustamanteDidier SwingedouwCarolina Ureta7
Communications Biology
2021
2021/1/29
Vol.4 No.1 p.1-7
Impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity are a prominent area of research in climate change. However, little is known about the effects of abrupt climate change and climate catastrophes on them. The probability of occurrence of such events is largely unknown but the associated risks could be large eno...
Climate-change ecologyMacroecology
10.1038/S42003-021-01665-6
ISSN:2399-3642