The dataset described is the European Social Survey (ESS), a pan-European research infrastructure that provides freely accessible data for academics, policymakers, civil society, and the public. It includes survey data on social and political attitudes across Europe, along with additional resources such as the CRONOS panel for longitudinal analysis, the ICOS Cities panel on environmental attitudes, and the EOSC-Future project linking environmental data with behaviours. The ESS also offers multilevel data integrating survey responses with country- and region-level indicators for contextual analyses.