FLUXNET2015 Dataset
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FLUXNET2015 Dataset

The FLUXNET2015 Dataset compiles ecological flux data collected at sites across multiple regional networks, offering improved data quality control and processing methods compared to previous versions. It includes measurements of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy exchanges, alongside auxiliary variables like micrometeorological data and uncertainty quantification metrics. The dataset aims to support research on ecosystem-atmosphere interactions and global carbon cycle studies. Data is organized into subsets (SUBSET) for general use and full sets (FULLSET) for detailed analysis, with additional auxiliary products like AUXMETEO and ERAI providing supplementary information. Available in various temporal resolutions, the FLUXNET2015 Dataset is distributed under two tiers, offering flexible access to site-year data while ensuring proper citation and adherence to data policies.

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Increased risk of flash droughts with raised concurrent hot and dry extremes under global warming

Zhaoqi ZengWenxiang WuJosep PeñuelasYamei LiWenzhe Jiao9
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
2023/9/7
Vol.6 No.1 p.1-12
Flash droughts pose large threats to crop yields and ecosystem services due to their sudden onset and rapid intensification, arousing wide public concern in a warming climate. Their long-term characteristics of change, underlying mechanisms, and especially potential impacts on agriculture, forests, ...
Environmental healthHydrology
10.1038/S41612-023-00468-2
ISSN:2397-3722

Evapotranspiration frequently increases during droughts

Zhao MengA GeruoLiu YanlanKonings Alexandra G.
Nature Climate Change
2022
2022/10/27
Vol.12 No.11 p.1024-1030
Changes in evapotranspiration (ET) affect water availability and ecosystem health. Higher evaporative demand during drought acts to increase ET, but droughts also reduce the moisture supply necessary for ET, limiting predictions of even the sign of ET anomalies. Drought-driven increases in ET ( $${\...
Ecological modellingEcosystem ecologyHydrologyWater resources
10.1038/S41558-022-01505-3
ISSN:1758-678X

Accurate phenology analyses require bud traits and energy budgets

Peaucelle MarcPeñuelas JosepVerbeeck Hans
Nature Plants
2022
2022/8/11
Vol.8 No.8 p.915-922
Spring phenology is mainly driven by temperature in extratropical ecosystems. Recent evidence highlighted the key role of micrometeorology and bud temperature on delaying or advancing leaf unfolding. Yet, phenology studies, either using ground-based or remote sensing observations, always substitute ...
Forest ecologyPhenology
10.1038/S41477-022-01209-8
ISSN:2055-0278

Reduced water loss rather than increased photosynthesis controls CO2-enhanced water-use efficiency

Weiwei ZhanXu LianJiangong LiuJisu HanYu Huang9
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/7/11
00 p.1-14
Numerous leaf-level experiments suggest that plant intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases under elevated CO2 because of reduced stomatal conductance and enhanced photosynthesis. However, it remains elusive whether this response can be extrapolated to the ecosystem scale, because confounding...
Carbon cycleClimate-change ecologyClimate-change impactsEcophysiologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02761-0
ISSN:2397-334X

Phosphorus constrains global photosynthesis more than nitrogen does

Songhan WangPhilippe CiaisPeter B. ReichAlessandro CescattiDavid S. Ellsworth14
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/9/2
00 p.1-11
Global vegetation growth is thought to be limited by nitrogen (N) more than by other nutrients. Here we document a stronger phosphorus (P) limitation on global photosynthesis compared with N over the last four decades. On the basis of more than 80,000 field observations of foliar nutrients and a mac...
BiogeochemistryCarbon cycleEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02842-0
ISSN:2397-334X

Global variation in vegetation carbon use efficiency inferred from eddy covariance observations

Xiangzhong LuoRuiying ZhaoHousen ChuAlessio CollaltiSimone Fatichi12
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/6/19
00 p.1-12
Terrestrial ecosystems have been serving as a strong carbon sink that offsets one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the percentage of photosynthesized carbon that is available for biomass production and other secondary carbon products, is one factor determining the...
Carbon cycleEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02753-0
ISSN:2397-334X

Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Ulisse GomarascaMirco MigliavaccaJens KattgeJacob A. NelsonÜlo Niinemets44
Nature Communications
2023
2023/7/4
Vol.14 No.1 p.1-11
Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-k...
Carbon cycleEcosystem ecologyPlant ecology
10.1038/S41467-023-39572-5
ISSN:2041-1723

Increasing terrestrial ecosystem carbon release in response to autumn cooling and warming

Tang RuiHe BinChen Hans W.Chen DeliangChen Yaning15
Nature Climate Change
2022
2022/3/7
00 p.1-6
Part of the Northern Hemisphere has experienced widespread autumn cooling during the most recent decades despite overall warming, but how this contrasting temperature change has influenced the ecosystem carbon exchange remains unclear. Here, we show that autumn cooling has occurred over about half o...
Climate and Earth system modellingEcological modelling
10.1038/S41558-022-01304-W
ISSN:1758-678X

Increasing contribution of peatlands to boreal evapotranspiration in a warming climate

Manuel HelbigJames Michael WaddingtonPavel AlekseychikBrian D. AmiroMika Aurela59
Nature Climate Change
2020
2020/5/11
Vol.10 No.6 p.555-560
The response of evapotranspiration (ET) to warming is of critical importance to the water and carbon cycle of the boreal biome, a mosaic of land cover types dominated by forests and peatlands. The effect of warming-induced vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases on boreal ET remains poorly understoo...
Climate-change ecologyClimate-change impactsEcophysiologyHydrology
10.1038/S41558-020-0763-7
ISSN:1758-678X

When and where soil dryness matters to ecosystem photosynthesis

Jiangong LiuQiren WangWeiwei ZhanXu LianPierre Gentine
Nature Plants
2025
2025/7/7
00 p.1-11
Projected increases in the intensity and frequency of droughts in the twenty-first century are expected to cause a substantial negative impact on terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Yet, the relative role of soil water supply (indicated by soil moisture) and atmospheric water demand (indic...
AbioticEcophysiologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41477-025-02024-7
ISSN:2055-0278

Climate-driven disturbances amplify forest drought sensitivity

Meng LiuAnna T. TrugmanJosep PeñuelasWilliam R. L. Anderegg
Nature Climate Change
2024
2024/6/7
00 p.1-7
Forests are a major terrestrial carbon sink, but the increasing frequency and intensity of climate-driven disturbances such as droughts, fires and biotic agent outbreaks is threatening carbon uptake and sequestration. Determining how climate-driven disturbances may alter the capacity of forest carbo...
Climate-change mitigationForest ecology
10.1038/S41558-024-02022-1
ISSN:1758-678X

Widespread influence of artificial light at night on ecosystem metabolism

Alice S. A. JohnstonJiyoung KimJim A. Harris
Nature Climate Change
2025
2025/11/12
00 p.1-7
Artificial light pollution is increasing worldwide with pervasive effects on ecosystem structure and function, yet its influence on ecosystem metabolism remains largely unknown. Here we combine artificial light at night (ALAN) intensity metrics with eddy covariance observations across 86 sites in No...
BiogeochemistryEcophysiology
10.1038/S41558-025-02481-0
ISSN:1758-678X

Partial asynchrony of coniferous forest carbon sources and sinks at the intra-annual time scale

Roberto SilvestroMaurizio MencucciniRaúl García-ValdésSerena AntonucciAlberto Arzac73
Nature Communications
2024
2024/8/5
Vol.15 No.1 p.1-12
As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. ...
EcophysiologyForest ecology
10.1038/S41467-024-49494-5
ISSN:2041-1723

Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems

Fubo ZhaoWenbo ShiJingfeng XiaoMeng ZhaoXing Li6
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
2025/4/30
Vol.8 No.1 p.1-10
The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are deeply intertwined, and their coupling is critical to shaping ecosystem processes and land-atmosphere feedback. Understanding how the carbon-water coupling (CWC) changes, which remains rarely explored, is essential for predicting eco-hydrological responses...
Climate sciencesEcologyHydrology
10.1038/S41612-025-01059-Z
ISSN:2397-3722

Increased spread of global flash droughts threatens vegetation productivity resilience

Renjie GuoXiuchen WuPei WangTiexi ChenXin Chen10
Nature Communications
2026
2026/3/17
0
Flash drought (faster-developing drought) has been pervasively intensified, posing detrimental constraints on vegetation productivity. However, the potential expansion of flash droughts from flash drought hotspots to non-hotspots and its associated risks to vegetation productivity remain unknown. Fu...
BiogeographyClimate-change ecologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41467-026-70417-Z
ISSN:2041-1723

Global evidence for the acclimation of ecosystem photosynthesis to light

Xiangzhong LuoTrevor F. Keenan
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2020
2020/8/3
Vol.4 No.10 p.1351-1357
Photosynthesis responds quickly to changes in light, increasing with incoming photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) until the leaves become light saturated. This instantaneous response to PPFD, which is widely studied and incorporated into models of photosynthesis, is overlaid on non-instantaneo...
BiogeochemistryClimate-change ecologyEcological modellingEcologyEcophysiology
10.1038/S41559-020-1258-7
ISSN:2397-334X

Pervasive but biome-dependent relationship between fragmentation and resilience in forests

Yongxian SuChaoqun ZhangAlessandro CescattiKailiang YuPhilippe Ciais26
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/7/8
00 p.1-15
The relationship between landscape fragmentation and vegetation resilience is uncertain. Here we use multiple satellite-based tree cover data and vegetation indices to quantify the apparent effects of fragmentation on global forest resilience and potential mechanisms thereof. We measure fragmentatio...
Climate-change ecologyEcosystem ecologyForest ecologyMacroecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02776-7
ISSN:2397-334X

The local cooling potential of land restoration in Africa

Jessica RuijschAdriaan J. TeulingGregory DuveillerRonald W. A. Hutjes
Communications Earth & Environment
2024
2024/9/10
Vol.5 No.1 p.1-13
Land restoration is becoming increasingly popular as a climate change mitigation and adaptation measure. It is suggested that resulting vegetation changes can impact the local surface temperature through biophysical processes such as albedo warming and evaporative cooling. Yet, the potential effect ...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciences
10.1038/S43247-024-01650-X
ISSN:2662-4435

Two decades of improved wetland carbon sequestration in northern mid-to-high latitudes are offset by tropical and southern declines

Junjie LiJunji YuanPhilippe CiaisHojeong KangChris Freeman10
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/7/22
00 p.1-12
Terrestrial carbon (C) sink has long been recognized as trending upwards, yet its recent slowdown raises concerns about accelerating climate change. Variations in wetland C sequestration are hypothesized to play a key role in this shift. Here we mapped annual water levels in global wetlands from 200...
Carbon cycleClimate-change impactsHydrology
10.1038/S41559-025-02809-1
ISSN:2397-334X

Sub-diurnal asymmetric warming has amplified atmospheric dryness since the 1980s

Ziqian ZhongHans W. ChenAiguo DaiTianjun ZhouBin He6
Nature Communications
2025
2025/9/9
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-13
Rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD)—a measure of atmospheric dryness, defined as the difference between saturated vapor pressure (SVP) and actual vapor pressure (AVP)—has been linked to increasing daily mean near-surface air temperatures since the 1980s. However, it remains unclear wheth...
Atmospheric scienceAttributionClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41467-025-63672-Z
ISSN:2041-1723

Future socio-ecosystem productivity threatened by compound drought–heatwave events

Yin JiaboGentine PierreSlater LouiseGu LeiPokhrel Yadu9
Nature Sustainability
2023
2023/1/5
Vol.6 No.3 p.259-272
Compound drought–heatwave (CDHW) events are one of the worst climatic stressors for global sustainable development. However, the physical mechanisms behind CDHWs and their impacts on socio-ecosystem productivity remain poorly understood. Here, using simulations from a large climate–hydrology model e...
Environmental healthHydrology
10.1038/S41893-022-01024-1
ISSN:2398-9629

A global humidity index with lateral hydrologic flows

Gonzalo Miguez-MachoYing Fan
Nature
2025
2025/8/6
00 p.1-7
The aridity index is widely used to indicate water availability on land. Balancing climatic water supply (precipitation, P) against demand (potential evapotranspiration, PET), it is often expressed as the P/PET ratio1 or humidity index. Water also flows laterally by rivers and groundwater, from hill...
Ecosystem ecologyHydrology
10.1038/S41586-025-09359-3
ISSN:0028-0836

Widespread enhancement of ecosystem carbon fluxes during post moisture pulse

Yu BaiFangyue ZhangPhilippe CiaisJean-Pierre WigneronAndrew F. Feldman15
Communications Earth & Environment
2026
2026/1/14
Vol.7 No.1 p.1710
Rainfall pulses generate rapid increases and subsequent declines in soil moisture (SM), yet global ecosystem responses during SM dry-downs remain poorly quantified. Using 6502 soil dry-down events identified from global eddy-covariance observations, we compared carbon fluxes during dry-downs (treatm...
Carbon cycleClimate-change ecologyClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S43247-026-03191-X
ISSN:2662-4435

Impacts of rising atmospheric dryness on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle

Wenping YuanJie TianMei WangShuo WangWenfang Xu23
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
2025
2025/10/7
Vol.6 No.11 p.712-727
Rising atmospheric dryness is affecting the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle through its influence on plant physiology. In this Review, we synthesize historical and projected trends in atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a proxy for atmospheric dryness, and the mechanisms by which it affect...
Carbon cycle
10.1038/S43017-025-00726-2
ISSN:2662-138X

Seasonal stabilization effects slowed the greening of the Northern Hemisphere over the last two decades

Wen ZhangWilliam K. SmithTrevor F. KeenanMatthew P. DannenbergYang Li8
Nature Communications
2025
2025/7/8
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-11
Rising atmospheric CO₂ and warming spring temperatures increase vegetation growth and the terrestrial carbon sink. However, drought, heat stress, phenology, and resource limitations may stabilize or limit theses projected increases. We investigate the balance between these amplifying and stabilizing...
Climate-change ecologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41467-025-61308-W
ISSN:2041-1723

Seasonal peak photosynthesis is hindered by late canopy development in northern ecosystems

Zhao QianZhu ZaichunZeng HuiMyneni Ranga B.Zhang Yao7
Nature Plants
2022
2022/12/8
Vol.8 No.12 p.1484-1492
The seasonal dynamics of the vegetation canopy strongly regulate the surface energy balance and terrestrial carbon fluxes, providing feedbacks to climate change. Whether the seasonal timing of maximum canopy structure was optimized to achieve a maximum photosynthetic carbon uptake is still not clear...
Climate-change ecologyEcosystem ecologyPhotosynthesis
10.1038/S41477-022-01278-9
ISSN:2055-0278

Global vegetation production may decrease in this century due to rising atmospheric dryness

Shangrong LinXiuzhi ChenJiangzhou XiaQinchuan XinZheng Fu9
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/10/23
00 p.1-11
Previous projections from Earth system models have suggested that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations would stimulate global vegetation production through the CO2 fertilization effect. Here we show that increased atmospheric dryness driven by climate warming will substantially counteract this effe...
Climate-change ecologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02885-3
ISSN:2397-334X

Lagged precipitation effects on plant production across terrestrial biomes

Lei HeJian WangDrew M. P. PeltierFrançois RitterPhilippe Ciais13
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2025
2025/7/28
00 p.1-12
Precipitation effects on plant carbon uptake extend beyond immediate timeframes, reflecting temporal lags between rainfall and plant growth. Mechanisms and relative importance of such lagged effects are expected to vary across ecosystems. Here we draw on an extensive collections of productivity prox...
Climate-change ecologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-025-02806-4
ISSN:2397-334X

Atmospheric dryness reduces photosynthesis along a large range of soil water deficits

Fu ZhengCiais PhilippePrentice I. ColinGentine PierreMakowski David11
Nature Communications
2022
2022/2/21
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-10
Both low soil water content (SWC) and high atmospheric dryness (vapor pressure deficit, VPD) can negatively affect terrestrial gross primary production (GPP). The sensitivity of GPP to soil versus atmospheric dryness is difficult to disentangle, however, because of their covariation. Using global ed...
Carbon cycleEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41467-022-28652-7
ISSN:2041-1723

Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale

Alice S. A. JohnstonAndrew MeadeJonas ArdöNicola ArrigaAndy Black30
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2021
2021/2/22
Vol.5 No.4 p.487-494
Ecosystem respiration is a major component of the global terrestrial carbon cycle and is strongly influenced by temperature. The global extent of the temperature–ecosystem respiration relationship, however, has not been fully explored. Here, we test linear and threshold models of ecosystem respirati...
Carbon cycleEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-021-01398-Z
ISSN:2397-334X

Rising water-use efficiency in European grasslands is driven by increased primary production

Poppe Terán ChristianNaz Bibi S.Graf AlexanderQu YuquanHendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan8
Communications Earth & Environment
2023
2023/3/27
Vol.4 No.1 p.1-13
Water-use efficiency is the amount of carbon assimilated per water used by an ecosystem and a key indicator of ecosystem functioning, but its variability in response to climate change and droughts is not thoroughly understood. Here, we investigated trends, drought response and drivers of three water...
Carbon cycleDroughtMacroecology
10.1038/S43247-023-00757-X
ISSN:2662-4435

New generation geostationary satellite observations support seasonality in greenness of the Amazon evergreen forests

Hirofumi HashimotoWeile WangJennifer L. DunganShuang LiAndrew R. Michaelis9
Nature Communications
2021
2021/1/29
Vol.12 No.1 p.1-11
Assessing the seasonal patterns of the Amazon rainforests has been difficult because of the paucity of ground observations and persistent cloud cover over these forests obscuring optical remote sensing observations. Here, we use data from a new generation of geostationary satellites that carry the A...
Carbon cycleEcological modellingForest ecology
10.1038/S41467-021-20994-Y
ISSN:2041-1723

Light limitation regulates the response of autumn terrestrial carbon uptake to warming

Yao ZhangRóisín CommaneSha ZhouA. Park WilliamsPierre Gentine
Nature Climate Change
2020
2020/7/6
Vol.10 No.8 p.739-743
Global warming is projected to shift the phenology and increase the productivity of northern ecosystems1–6. Both changes will further feed back to climate through biophysical and biogeochemical processes and are critical for future prediction7,8. However, it remains unclear whether warming and the e...
BiogeochemistryClimate-change ecology
10.1038/S41558-020-0806-0
ISSN:1758-678X

Water limitation regulates positive feedback of increased ecosystem respiration

Qin ZhangChuixiang YiGeorgia DestouniGeorg WohlfahrtYakov Kuzyakov18
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2024
2024/8/7
00 p.1-7
Terrestrial ecosystem respiration increases exponentially with temperature, constituting a positive feedback loop accelerating global warming. However, the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature strongly depends on water availability, yet where and when the water effects are important, is ...
Ecosystem ecologyEnvironmental microbiologyHydrology
10.1038/S41559-024-02501-W
ISSN:2397-334X

Plant traits shape global spatiotemporal variations in photosynthetic efficiency

Yulin YanBolun LiBenjamin DechantMingzhu XuXiangzhong Luo15
Nature Plants
2025
2025/3/25
00 p.1-11
Photosynthetic efficiency (PE) quantifies the fraction of absorbed light used in photochemistry to produce chemical energy during photosynthesis and is essential for understanding ecosystem productivity and the global carbon cycle, particularly under conditions of vegetation stress. However, nearly ...
C3 photosynthesisC4 photosynthesisEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41477-025-01958-2
ISSN:2055-0278

The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Migliavacca MircoMusavi TalieMahecha Miguel D.Nelson Jacob A.Knauer Jürgen67
Nature
2021
2021/9/22
00 p.1-5
The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental ...
BiogeographyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41586-021-03939-9
ISSN:0028-0836

Large contribution of antecedent climate to ecosystem productivity anomalies during extreme events

Jinghao QiuYao ZhangMengyang CaiTrevor F. KeenanHongying Zhang10
Nature Geoscience
2025
2025/11/21
00 p.1-8
Ecosystems are not only affected by current climate but are also shaped by antecedent climate through their influences on vegetation growth and environmental conditions. These lagged responses, known as memory effects, can either exacerbate or mitigate the impacts of climate extremes on ecosystem fu...
Climate-change impactsEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41561-025-01856-4
ISSN:1752-0894

Neglecting land–atmosphere feedbacks overestimates climate-driven increases in evapotranspiration

Sha ZhouBofu Yu
Nature Climate Change
2025
2025/9/11
00 p.1-8
Accurate projections of evapotranspiration (ET) are crucial for understanding hydrological responses to climate warming, which remain highly uncertain because of complex land–atmosphere interactions. Here we develop a theoretical framework to disentangle these interactions, achieving highly consiste...
Climate changeHydrology
10.1038/S41558-025-02428-5
ISSN:1758-678X

Enhanced peak growth of global vegetation and its key mechanisms

Kun HuangJianyang XiaYingping WangAnders AhlströmJiquan Chen21
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2018
2018/11/12
Vol.2 No.12 p.1897-1905
The annual peak growth of vegetation is critical in characterizing the capacity of terrestrial ecosystem productivity and shaping the seasonality of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The recent greening of global lands suggests an increasing trend of terrestrial vegetation growth, but whether or not t...
Climate-change ecologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41559-018-0714-0
ISSN:2397-334X

Dryland productivity under a changing climate

Wang LixinJiao WenzheMacBean NatashaRulli Maria CristinaManzoni Stefano7
Nature Climate Change
2022
2022/11/7
Vol.12 No.11 p.981-994
Understanding dryland dynamics is essential to predict future climate trajectories. However, there remains large uncertainty on the extent to which drylands are expanding or greening, the drivers of dryland vegetation shifts, the relative importance of different hydrological processes regulating eco...
EcologyHydrology
10.1038/S41558-022-01499-Y
ISSN:1758-678X

Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress

Zheng FuPhilippe CiaisJean-Pierre WigneronPierre GentineAndrew F. Feldman22
Nature Communications
2024
2024/6/6
Vol.15 No.1 p.1-13
During extensive periods without rain, known as dry-downs, decreasing soil moisture (SM) induces plant water stress at the point when it limits evapotranspiration, defining a critical SM threshold (θcrit). Better quantification of θcrit is needed for improving future projections of climate and water...
BiogeographyCarbon cycleEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41467-024-49244-7
ISSN:2041-1723

Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects

Alexander GrafGeorg WohlfahrtSergio Aranda-BarrancoNicola ArrigaChristian Brümmer33
Communications Earth & Environment
2023
2023/8/25
Vol.4 No.1 p.1-12
Both carbon dioxide uptake and albedo of the land surface affect global climate. However, climate change mitigation by increasing carbon uptake can cause a warming trade-off by decreasing albedo, with most research focusing on afforestation and its interaction with snow. Here, we present carbon upta...
Carbon cycleClimate-change mitigation
10.1038/S43247-023-00958-4
ISSN:2662-4435

Large biases in the frequency of water limitation across Earth system models

Francesco GiardinaRyan S. PadrónBenjamin D. StockerDominik L. SchumacherSonia I. Seneviratne
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
2025/6/16
Vol.6 No.1 p.1-9
Water availability limits evapotranspiration on land, shaping the energy balance, land carbon uptake, and climate extremes. Despite its importance, Earth system models struggle to capture where and how often water-limited conditions occur. Here we investigate the representation of water limitation a...
Climate and Earth system modellingHydrology
10.1038/S43247-025-02426-7
ISSN:2662-4435

Higher optimal temperature for vegetation transpiration than for photosynthesis

Haoyu XiaFangyue ZhangPhilippe CiaisPaul C. StoyJosep Peñuelas15
Nature Plants
2026
2026/4/15
00 p.1-16
Plants assimilate carbon through photosynthesis (gross primary productivity, GPP) while losing water via transpiration (Trans), with both processes responding nonlinearly to temperature. Although the air temperature optimum of GPP ( $${T}_{\mathrm{opt}}^{\mathrm{GPP}}$$ ) is well studied, the therma...
BiogeographyClimate-change ecologyEcophysiologyEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41477-026-02263-2
ISSN:2055-0278

Carbon restoration potential on global land under water resource constraints

Shouzhang PengCésar TerrerBenjamin SmithPhilippe CiaisQinggong Han10
Nature Water
2024
2024/10/24
00 p.1-11
Ecosystem restoration is a critical nature-based solution to mitigate climate change. However, the carbon sequestration potential of restoration, defined as the maximum achievable carbon storage, has likely been overestimated because previous studies have not adequately accounted for the competition...
Restoration ecologySustainabilityWater resources
10.1038/S44221-024-00323-5
ISSN:2731-6084

Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought

William R. L. AndereggAlexandra G. KoningsAnna T. TrugmanKailiang YuDavid R. Bowling11
Nature
2018
2018/9/19
Vol.561 No.7724 p.538-541
Plants influence the atmosphere through fluxes of carbon, water and energy1, and can intensify drought through land–atmosphere feedback effects2–4. The diversity of plant functional traits in forests, especially physiological traits related to water (hydraulic) transport, may have a critical role in...
Climate and Earth system modellingClimate-change ecologyForest ecology
10.1038/S41586-018-0539-7
ISSN:0028-0836

High Arctic Lake sediments show that Heinrich Event 2 was preceded by summer warming

Willem G. M. van der BiltWilliam J. D’AndreaJostein Bakke
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
2025/6/14
Vol.6 No.1 p.1-9
Throughout the Last Glacial period, episodic deposition of Ice Rafted Debris marks phases of circum-North Atlantic ice sheet instability. The causes of these Heinrich Events remain contested; while initially attributed to internal ice sheet dynamics, there is a growing consensus that favors external...
LimnologyPalaeoclimate
10.1038/S43247-025-02440-9
ISSN:2662-4435

Respiratory loss during late-growing season determines the net carbon dioxide sink in northern permafrost regions

Liu ZhihuaKimball John S.Ballantyne Ashley P.Parazoo Nicholas C.Wang Wen J.17
Nature Communications
2022
2022/9/26
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-13
Warming of northern high latitude regions (NHL, > 50 °N) has increased both photosynthesis and respiration which results in considerable uncertainty regarding the net carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of NHL ecosystems. Using estimates constrained from atmospheric observations from 1980 to 2017, we fi...
Carbon cycleClimate sciences
10.1038/S41467-022-33293-X
ISSN:2041-1723

Enhanced effect of warming on the leaf-onset date of boreal deciduous broadleaf forest

Wenyu LiHui LuJing M. ChenShilong PiaoTrevor F. Keenan18
Nature Climate Change
2026
2026/2/2
Vol.16 No.2 p.200-206
The leaf-onset date is sensitive to climate warming. It is widely reported that the temperature sensitivity of the leaf-onset date (ST) of deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) may decrease under dormancy-period warming. However, evidence of how boreal-DBF ST may generally change under dormancy-period wa...
Phenology
10.1038/S41558-025-02528-2
ISSN:1758-678X

Hydroclimate shapes photosynthetic sensitivity to cloud cover across global terrestrial ecosystems

Hao LuoAna BastosMarkus ReichsteinGregory DuveillerJan Kretzschmar6
Nature Communications
2026
2026/2/12
Vol.17 No.1 p.16460
Vegetation photosynthesis primarily depends on surface energy and water availability, both of which are simultaneously regulated by clouds through radiation and precipitation, respectively. However, the net impact of cloud-induced changes in surface solar radiation and precipitation on photosynthesi...
Atmospheric scienceBiogeochemistryClimate change
10.1038/S41467-026-69480-3
ISSN:2041-1723

The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production

Jie TianXiaojuan HuangHuilin ChenJing Ming ChenPhilippe Ciais12
Nature
2026
2026/6/3
Vol.654 No.8117 p.1-4
Climate-change ecology
10.1038/S41586-026-10562-Z
ISSN:0028-0836

Increased photosynthesis during spring drought in energy-limited ecosystems

David L. MillerSebastian WolfJoshua B. FisherBenjamin F. ZaitchikJingfeng Xiao6
Nature Communications
2023
2023/11/29
Vol.14 No.1 p.1-10
Drought is often thought to reduce ecosystem photosynthesis. However, theory suggests there is potential for increased photosynthesis during meteorological drought, especially in energy-limited ecosystems. Here, we examine the response of photosynthesis (gross primary productivity, GPP) to meteorolo...
Carbon cycleEcosystem ecology
10.1038/S41467-023-43430-9
ISSN:2041-1723

Leaf temperature and its departure from ambient air temperature

Xu LianJiamen JiJiJianing FangJisu HanYoungryel Ryu16
Nature Plants
2026
2026/5/8
00 p.1-14
Leaf temperature (Tl), the temperature at which leaf–air exchanges of carbon and water occur, varies with ambient air temperature (Ta), regulated by microclimate and species’ energy balance traits. Ground and satellite thermal measurements of the Tl–Ta relationship are widely used to infer plants’ t...
Ecology
10.1038/S41477-026-02304-W
ISSN:2055-0278

Precipitation thresholds regulate net carbon exchange at the continental scale

Zhihua LiuAshley P. BallantyneBenjamin PoulterWilliam R. L. AndereggWei Li7
Nature Communications
2018
2018/9/5
Vol.9 No.1 p.1-10
Understanding the sensitivity of ecosystem production and respiration to climate change is critical for predicting terrestrial carbon dynamics. Here we show that the primary control on the inter-annual variability of net ecosystem carbon exchange switches from production to respiration at a precipit...
Carbon cycleClimate change
10.1038/S41467-018-05948-1
ISSN:2041-1723

Advancing symbolic regression for earth science with a focus on evapotranspiration modeling

Qingliang LiCheng ZhangZhongwang WeiXiaochun JinWei Shangguan12
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
2024/12/24
Vol.7 No.1 p.1-16
Artificial Intelligence (AI) assumes a pivotal role in Earth science, leveraging deep learning’s predictive capabilities. Despite its prevalence, the impact of AI on scientific discovery remains uncertain. In Earth sciences, the emphasis extends beyond mere accuracy, striving for groundbreaking disc...
HydrologyMathematics and computing
10.1038/S41612-024-00861-5
ISSN:2397-3722