Exoplanet Atmosphere Observability Table
English
United States, Baltimore
TESS
数据描述
The Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) is a comprehensive astronomical data resource specializing in optical, ultraviolet, and near-infrared wavelengths. It houses datasets from numerous space missions, including Hubble, Webb, TESS, Kepler, and future ones like Roman, with the goal of enhancing scientific accessibility and productivity. MAST provides a wide array of tools for accessing its data, such as advanced search interfaces (e.g., MAST Search, exo.MAST), high-level science products for processed datasets, and CasJobs for running SQL queries. Users can explore curated notebooks, APIs like Astroquery, and cloud-based environments like TIKE for analysis without local installation. The archive also offers specific catalogs for detailed studies, such as the Pan-STARRS Catalog and Hubble Source Catalog, supporting research through aggregated data, images, spectra, and parameters across missions. MAST's comprehensive resources and user-friendly tools make it a vital hub for advancing astronomical research and facilitating access to diverse datasets.
archive.stsci.edu
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相关论文
57An X-ray-emitting protocluster at z ≈ 5.7 reveals rapid structure growth
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Nature
2026
•2026/1/28
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Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound structures in the universe and serve as tracers of the assembly of large-scale structure1. Studying their progenitors, protoclusters, sheds light on the earliest stages of cluster formation. However, detecting protoclusters is demanding: the...
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10.1038/S41586-025-09973-1
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Magnetic fields of 30 to 100 kG in the cores of red giant stars
Li Gang•Deheuvels Sébastien•Ballot Jérôme•Lignières François
Nature
2022
•2022/10/5
•Vol.610 No.7930 p.43-46
A red giant star is an evolved low- or intermediate-mass star that has exhausted its central hydrogen content, leaving a helium core and a hydrogen-burning shell. Oscillations of stars can be observed as periodic dimmings and brightenings in the optical light curves. In red giant stars, non-radial a...
Astrophysical magnetic fieldsStarsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41586-022-05176-0
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Methane emission from a cool brown dwarf
Jacqueline K. Faherty•Ben Burningham•Jonathan Gagné•Genaro Suárez•Johanna M. Vos等 24 人
Nature
2024
•2024/4/17
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Beyond our Solar System, aurorae have been inferred from radio observations of isolated brown dwarfs1,2. Within our Solar System, giant planets have auroral emission with signatures across the electromagnetic spectrum including infrared emission of H3+ and methane. Isolated brown dwarfs with auroral...
ExoplanetsStars
10.1038/S41586-024-07190-W
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A super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes transiting the nearby and quiet M dwarf TOI-270
Maximilian N. Günther•Francisco J. Pozuelos•Jason A. Dittmann•Diana Dragomir•Stephen R. Kane等 60 人
Nature Astronomy
2019
•2019/7/29
•Vol.3 No.12 p.1099-1108
One of the primary goals of exoplanetary science is to detect small, temperate planets passing (transiting) in front of bright and quiet host stars. This enables the characterization of planetary sizes, orbits, bulk compositions, atmospheres and formation histories. These studies are facilitated by ...
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10.1038/S41550-019-0845-5
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Abundant hydrocarbons in a buried galactic nucleus with signs of carbonaceous grain and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon processing
Ismael García-Bernete•Miguel Pereira-Santaella•Eduardo González-Alfonso•Marcelino Agúndez•Dimitra Rigopoulou等 8 人
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2026
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Hydrocarbons play a key role in shaping the chemistry of the interstellar medium, but their enrichment and relation with carbonaceous grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons still lack clear observational constraints. Here we report on JWST NIRSpec + MIRI/MRS infrared observations (~3–28 μm) of ...
Galaxies and clustersInterstellar medium
10.1038/S41550-025-02750-0
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Diurnal variations in the stratosphere of the ultrahot giant exoplanet WASP-121b
Mikal-Evans Thomas•Sing David K.•Barstow Joanna K.•Kataria Tiffany•Goyal Jayesh等 12 人
Nature Astronomy
2022
•2022/2/21
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The temperature profile of a planetary atmosphere is a key diagnostic of radiative and dynamical processes governing the absorption, redistribution and emission of energy. Observations have revealed dayside stratospheres that either cool1,2 or warm3,4 with altitude for a small number of gas giant ex...
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A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star
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Carbon is an essential element for life but how much can be delivered to young planets is still an open question. The chemical characterization of planet-forming disks is a crucial step in our understanding of the diversity and habitability of exoplanets. Very low-mass stars (less than 0.2 M⊙) are i...
Astronomy and astrophysicsPlanetary science
10.1038/S41550-023-01965-3
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A hidden population of high-redshift double quasars unveiled by astrometry
Yue Shen•Yu-Ching Chen•Hsiang-Chih Hwang•Xin Liu•Nadia Zakamska等 9 人
Nature Astronomy
2021
•2021/4/1
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Galaxy mergers occur frequently in the early Universe1 and bring multiple supermassive black holes (SMBHs) into the nucleus, where they may eventually coalesce. Identifying post-merger-scale (that is, less than around a few kpc) dual SMBHs is a critical pathway to understanding their dynamical evolu...
Compact astrophysical objectsGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-021-01323-1
ISSN:2397-3366
Primordial rotating disk composed of at least 15 dense star-forming clumps at cosmic dawn
S. Fujimoto•M. Ouchi•K. Kohno•F. Valentino•C. Giménez-Arteaga等 46 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
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•00 p.1-15
Early galaxies form through dark matter and gas assembly, evolving into dynamically hot, chaotic structures driven by mergers and feedback. By contrast, remarkably smooth, rotating disks are observed in massive galaxies only 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang, implying rapid dynamical evolution. P...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-025-02592-W
ISSN:2397-3366
Measuring the density structure of an accretion hot spot
Espaillat C. C.•Robinson C. E.•Romanova M. M.•Thanathibodee T.•Wendeborn J.等 8 人
Nature
2021
•2021/9/1
•Vol.597 No.7874 p.41-44
Magnetospheric accretion models predict that matter from protoplanetary disks accretes onto stars via funnel flows, which follow stellar magnetic field lines and shock on the stellar surfaces1–3, leaving hot spots with density gradients4–6. Previous work has provided observational evidence of varyin...
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A new class of fossil fragments from the hierarchical assembly of the Galactic bulge
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Nature Astronomy
2020
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The formation and evolutionary processes of galaxy bulges are still unclear, and the presence of young stars in the bulge of the Milky Way is largely debated. We recently demonstrated that Terzan 5, in the Galactic bulge, is a complex stellar system hosting stars with very different ages and a strik...
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Pierre-Alexis Roy•Björn Benneke•Marylou Fournier-Tondreau•Louis-Philippe Coulombe•Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb等 20 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
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Recent transit observations of K2-18 b and TOI-270 d revealed strong molecular absorption signatures, lending credence to the idea that temperate sub-Neptunes (equilibrium temperature Teq = 250–400 K) have upper atmospheres mostly free of aerosols. These observations also indicated higher-than-expec...
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10.1038/S41550-025-02723-3
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Accelerated formation of ultra-massive galaxies in the first billion years
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2024
•2024/11/13
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Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed an unexpected abundance of massive-galaxy candidates in the early Universe, extending further in redshift and to lower luminosity than what had previously been found by submillimetre surveys1–6. These JWST candidates have been inter...
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10.1038/S41586-024-08094-5
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Claudia Reyes•Dennis Stello•Joel Ong•Christopher Lindsay•Marc Hon等 6 人
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2025
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Acoustic oscillations in stars are sensitive to stellar interiors1. Frequency differences between overtone modes—large separations—probe stellar density2, whereas differences between low-degree modes—small separations—probe the sound-speed gradient in the energy-generating core of main-sequence Sun-...
StarsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41586-025-08760-2
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A complex structure of escaping helium spanning more than half the orbit of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121 b
Romain Allart•Louis-Philippe Coulombe•Yann Carteret•Jared Splinter•Lisa Dang等 22 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/12/8
•Vol.16 No.1 p.108220
Atmospheric escape of close-in exoplanets, driven by stellar irradiation, influences their evolution, composition, and atmospheric dynamics. The near-infrared metastable helium triplet (10833 Å) has become a key probe of this process, enabling mass loss rate measurements for dozens of exoplanets. On...
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An extended low-density atmosphere around the Jupiter-sized planet WASP-193 b
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Nature Astronomy
2024
•2024/5/14
•00 p.1-11
Gas giants transiting bright nearby stars provide crucial insights into planetary system formation and evolution mechanisms. Most of these planets show certain average characteristics, serving as benchmarks for our understanding of planetary systems. However, outliers like the planet we present in t...
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10.1038/S41550-024-02259-Y
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Very regular high-frequency pulsation modes in young intermediate-mass stars
Timothy R. Bedding•Simon J. Murphy•Daniel R. Hey•Daniel Huber•Tanda Li等 36 人
Nature
2020
•2020/5/13
•Vol.581 No.7807 p.147-151
Asteroseismology probes the internal structures of stars by using their natural pulsation frequencies1. It relies on identifying sequences of pulsation modes that can be compared with theoretical models, which has been done successfully for many classes of pulsators, including low-mass solar-type st...
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Most of the photons that reionized the Universe came from dwarf galaxies
Hakim Atek•Ivo Labbé•Lukas J. Furtak•Iryna Chemerynska•Seiji Fujimoto等 33 人
Nature
2024
•2024/2/28
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The identification of sources driving cosmic reionization, a major phase transition from neutral hydrogen to ionized plasma around 600–800 Myr after the Big Bang1–3, has been a matter of debate4. Some models suggest that high ionizing emissivity and escape fractions (fesc) from quasars support their...
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10.1038/S41586-024-07043-6
ISSN:0028-0836
An ultrahot Neptune in the Neptune desert
James S. Jenkins•Matías R. Díaz•Nicolás T. Kurtovic•Néstor Espinoza•Jose I. Vines等 84 人
Nature Astronomy
2020
•2020/9/14
•Vol.4 No.12 p.1148-1157
About 1 out of 200 Sun-like stars has a planet with an orbital period shorter than one day: an ultrashort-period planet1,2. All of the previously known ultrashort-period planets are either hot Jupiters, with sizes above 10 Earth radii (R⊕), or apparently rocky planets smaller than 2 R⊕. Such lack of...
Exoplanets
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ISSN:2397-3366
A calibration point for stellar evolution from massive star asteroseismology
Siemen Burssens•Dominic M. Bowman•Mathias Michielsen•Sergio Simón-Díaz•Conny Aerts等 13 人
Nature Astronomy
2023
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•00 p.1-18
Massive stars are progenitors of supernovae, neutron stars and black holes. During the hydrogen-core burning phase, their convective cores are the prime drivers of their evolution, but inferences of core masses are subject to unconstrained boundary mixing processes. Moreover, uncalibrated transport ...
StarsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41550-023-01978-Y
ISSN:2397-3366
Accelerated quenching and chemical enhancement of massive galaxies in a z ≈ 4 gas-rich halo
Pablo G. Pérez-González•Francesco D’Eugenio•Bruno Rodríguez del Pino•Michele Perna•Hannah Übler等 22 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
•2025/7/21
•00 p.1-16
Stars in galaxies form when baryons radiatively cool down and fall into dark matter-dominated gravitational wells. Eventually, star formation quenches as gas is depleted and/or perturbed by feedback processes that prevent the gas from collapsing and condensing. Here we report spatially resolved spec...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-025-02586-8
ISSN:2397-3366
Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images
Chen Wenlei•Kelly Patrick L.•Oguri Masamune•Broadhurst Thomas J.•Diego Jose M.等 9 人
Nature
2022
•2022/11/9
•Vol.611 No.7935 p.256-259
The core-collapse supernova of a massive star rapidly brightens when a shock, produced following the collapse of its core, reaches the stellar surface. As the shock-heated star subsequently expands and cools, its early-time light curve should have a simple dependence on the size of the progenitor1 a...
Galaxies and clustersStellar evolutionTransient astrophysical phenomena
10.1038/S41586-022-05252-5
ISSN:0028-0836
Silicate precursor silane detected in cold low-metallicity brown dwarf
Jacqueline K. Faherty•Aaron M. Meisner•Ben Burningham•Channon Visscher•Michael Line等 31 人
Nature
2025
•2025/8/20
•Vol.645 No.8079 p.62-66
Within 20 pc of the Sun, there are currently 29 known cold brown dwarfs—sources with measured distances and an estimated effective temperature between that of Jupiter (170 K) and approximately 500 K (ref. 1). These sources are almost all isolated and are the closest laboratories we have for det...
Exoplanets
10.1038/S41586-025-09369-1
ISSN:0028-0836
Discovery of quasar variability and early accretion disk signatures at cosmic dawn
Gene C. K. Leung•Anna-Christina Eilers•Christos Panagiotou•Julien Wolf•Kishalay De等 15 人
Nature Astronomy
2026
•2026/6/8
•00 p.1-8
In the nearby universe, quasars are well known to exhibit variability in their brightness over time, offering a powerful tool to probe the physics of accretion onto the supermassive black hole (SMBH) and directly measure the mass of the SMBH. However, detecting variability in early quasars remains c...
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10.1038/S41550-026-02897-4
ISSN:2397-3366
Ionospheric irregularities at Jupiter observed by JWST
Henrik Melin•J. O’Donoghue•L. Moore•T. S. Stallard•L. N. Fletcher等 25 人
Nature Astronomy
2024
•2024/6/21
•00 p.1-8
Jupiter’s upper atmosphere is composed of a neutral thermosphere and charged ionosphere. In the latter, the dominant molecular ion H3+ emits in the near-infrared, allowing for the remote exploration of the physical properties of the upper atmosphere. However, the Jovian low-latitude ionosphere remai...
Atmospheric dynamicsGiant planets
10.1038/S41550-024-02305-9
ISSN:2397-3366
A dusty compact object bridging galaxies and quasars at cosmic dawn
Fujimoto S.•Brammer G. B.•Watson D.•Magdis G. E.•Kokorev V.等 21 人
Nature
2022
•2022/4/13
•Vol.604 No.7905 p.261-265
Understanding how super-massive black holes form and grow in the early Universe has become a major challenge1,2 since it was discovered that luminous quasars existed only 700 million years after the Big Bang3,4. Simulations indicate an evolutionary sequence of dust-reddened quasars emerging from hea...
Compact astrophysical objectsEarly universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41586-022-04454-1
ISSN:0028-0836
Evidence for heavy-seed origin of early supermassive black holes from a z ≈ 10 X-ray quasar
Ákos Bogdán•Andy D. Goulding•Priyamvada Natarajan•Orsolya E. Kovács•Grant R. Tremblay等 12 人
Nature Astronomy
2023
•2023/11/6
•00 p.1-8
Observations of quasars reveal that many supermassive black holes (BHs) were in place less than 700 Myr after the Big Bang. However, the origin of the first BHs remains a mystery. Seeds of the first BHs are postulated to be either light (that is, 10−100 M⊙), remnants of the first stars, or heavy (th...
Compact astrophysical objectsEarly universeGalaxies and clustersHigh-energy astrophysics
10.1038/S41550-023-02111-9
ISSN:2397-3366
Strong spectral features from asymptotic giant branch stars in distant quiescent galaxies
Shiying Lu•Emanuele Daddi•Claudia Maraston•Mark Dickinson•Pablo Arrabal Haro等 30 人
Nature Astronomy
2024
•2024/10/22
•00 p.1-13
Dating the ages and weighting the stellar populations in galaxies are essential steps when studying galaxy formation through cosmic times. Evolutionary population synthesis models with different input physics are used for this purpose. Moreover, the contribution from the thermally pulsing asymptotic...
Galaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-024-02391-9
ISSN:2397-3366
Astronomical image denoising by self-supervised deep learning and restoration processes
Tie Liu•Yuhui Quan•Yingna Su•Yang Guo•Shu Liu等 12 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
•2025/2/21
•00 p.1-8
Image denoising based on deep learning has undergone significant advances in recent years. However, existing deep learning methods lack quantitative control of the deviation or error of denoised images. The neural network Self2Self was designed to denoise single images. It is trained on single image...
Astrophysical magnetic fieldsComputational astrophysicsGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-025-02484-Z
ISSN:2397-3366
Detection of companion galaxies around hot dust-obscured hyper-luminous galaxy W0410-0913
Ginolfi M.•Piconcelli E.•Zappacosta L.•Jones G. C.•Pentericci L.等 21 人
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/8/5
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-15
The phase transition between galaxies and quasars is often identified with the rare population of hyper-luminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies. Galaxy formation models predict these systems to grow via mergers, that can deliver large amounts of gas toward their centers, induce intense bursts of star f...
Early universeGalaxies and clustersInterstellar medium
10.1038/S41467-022-32297-X
ISSN:2041-1723
Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b
Angelos Tsiaras•Ingo P. Waldmann•Giovanna Tinetti•Jonathan Tennyson•Sergey N. Yurchenko
Nature Astronomy
2019
•2019/9/11
•Vol.3 No.12 p.1086-1091
In the past decade, observations from space and the ground have found water to be the most abundant molecular species, after hydrogen, in the atmospheres of hot, gaseous extrasolar planets1–5. Being the main molecular carrier of oxygen, water is a tracer of the origin and the evolution mechanisms of...
Atmospheric chemistryExoplanets
10.1038/S41550-019-0878-9
ISSN:2397-3366
Observations of a Magellanic Corona
Krishnarao Dhanesh•Fox Andrew J.•D’Onghia Elena•Wakker Bart P.•Cashman Frances H.等 9 人
Nature
2022
•2022/9/28
•Vol.609 No.7929 p.915-918
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are the closest massive satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. They are probably on their first passage on an infalling orbit towards our Galaxy1 and trace the continuing dynamics of the Local Group2. Recent measurements of a high m...
Galaxies and clustersInterstellar medium
10.1038/S41586-022-05090-5
ISSN:0028-0836
Aerosols and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of a white dwarf planet
Ryan J. MacDonald•Christopher E. O’Connor•Victoria A. Boehm•E. M. May•David K. Sing等 18 人
Nature
2026
•2026/7/1
•Vol.655 No.8121 p.76-80
Most stars, including our Sun, will one day evolve into red giants and, subsequently, white dwarfs. Several planet candidates have recently been identified orbiting white dwarfs1–4, demonstrating that planets can survive the stellar post-main-sequence stage intact. Little is known about the atmosphe...
Atmospheric chemistryExoplanetsGiant planetsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41586-026-10514-7
ISSN:0028-0836
Highly reflective white clouds on the western dayside of an exo-Neptune
Louis-Philippe Coulombe•Michael Radica•Björn Benneke•Élyse D’Aoust•Lisa Dang等 22 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
•2025/2/25
•00 p.1-14
Highly irradiated gas giant exoplanets are predicted to show circulation patterns dominated by day-to-night heat transport and a spatial distribution of clouds that is driven by advection and local heating. Hot Jupiters have been extensively studied from broadband phase-curve observations at infrare...
Atmospheric chemistryAtmospheric dynamicsExoplanets
10.1038/S41550-025-02488-9
ISSN:2397-3366
Slowly cooling white dwarfs in M13 from stable hydrogen burning
Chen Jianxing•Ferraro Francesco R.•Cadelano Mario•Salaris Maurizio•Lanzoni Barbara等 8 人
Nature Astronomy
2021
•2021/9/6
•00 p.1-8
White dwarfs (WDs) are the final evolutionary product of the vast majority of stars in the Universe. They are electron-degenerate structures characterized by no stable thermonuclear activity, and their evolution is generally described as a pure cooling process. Their cooling rate is adopted as cosmi...
StarsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41550-021-01445-6
ISSN:2397-3366
Spatial variations in aromatic hydrocarbon emission in a dust-rich galaxy
Justin S. Spilker•Kedar A. Phadke•Manuel Aravena•Melanie Archipley•Matthew B. Bayliss等 39 人
Nature
2023
•2023/6/5
•00 p.1-4
Dust grains absorb half of the radiation emitted by stars throughout the history of the universe, re-emitting this energy at infrared wavelengths1–3. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are large organic molecules that trace millimetre-size dust grains and regulate the cooling of interstell...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41586-023-05998-6
ISSN:0028-0836
A massive and evolved slow-rotating galaxy in the early Universe
Ben Forrest•Adam Muzzin•Danilo Marchesini•Richard Pan•Nehir Ozden等 18 人
Nature Astronomy
2026
•2026/5/4
•00 p.1-9
In the contemporary Universe, most galaxies are supported by ordered rotation, but a substantial subset of the most massive and quiescent systems are dominated by random stellar motions and classified as slow rotators. These galaxies are widely thought to arise through processes that remove angular ...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-026-02855-0
ISSN:2397-3366
A fast-rotator post-starburst galaxy quenched by supermassive black-hole feedback at z = 3
Francesco D’Eugenio•Pablo G. Pérez-González•Roberto Maiolino•Jan Scholtz•Michele Perna等 26 人
Nature Astronomy
2024
•2024/9/16
•00 p.1-14
The most massive galaxies in the Universe stopped forming stars due to the time-integrated feedback from central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, the exact quenching mechanism is not yet understood, because local massive galaxies were quenched billions of years ago. Here we present JWST/NI...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-024-02345-1
ISSN:2397-3366
Unveiling the population of dual and lensed active galactic nuclei at sub-arcsec separations
Mannucci F.•Pancino E.•Belfiore F.•Cicone C.•Ciurlo A.等 15 人
Nature Astronomy
2022
•2022/8/25
•Vol.6 No.10 p.1185-1192
All cosmological models of structure formation predict the existence of a widespread population of dual supermassive black holes in-spiralling inside their common host galaxy, eventually merging and giving rise to intense gravitational waves. These systems can be identified as dual active galactic n...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-022-01761-5
ISSN:2397-3366
Discovery of post-mass-transfer helium-burning red giants using asteroseismology
Li Yaguang•Bedding Timothy R.•Murphy Simon J.•Stello Dennis•Chen Yifan等 17 人
Nature Astronomy
2022
•2022/4/14
•00 p.1-8
A star expands to become a red giant when it has fused all the hydrogen in its core into helium. If the star is in a binary system, its envelope can overflow onto its companion or be ejected into space, leaving a hot core and potentially forming a subdwarf B star1–3. However, most red giants that ha...
StarsStellar evolutionTime-domain astronomy
10.1038/S41550-022-01648-5
ISSN:2397-3366
Age dating of an early Milky Way merger via asteroseismology of the naked-eye star ν Indi
William J. Chaplin•Aldo M. Serenelli•Andrea Miglio•Thierry Morel•J. Ted Mackereth等 85 人
Nature Astronomy
2020
•2020/1/13
•Vol.4 No.4 p.382-389
Over the course of its history, the Milky Way has ingested multiple smaller satellite galaxies1. Although these accreted stellar populations can be forensically identified as kinematically distinct structures within the Galaxy, it is difficult in general to date precisely the age at which any one me...
Galaxies and clustersStars
10.1038/S41550-019-0975-9
ISSN:2397-3366
An X-ray detection of star formation in a highly magnified giant arc
M. B. Bayliss•M. McDonald•K. Sharon•M. D. Gladders•M. Florian等 22 人
Nature Astronomy
2019
•2019/10/14
•Vol.4 No.2 p.159-166
In the past decade, our understanding of how stars and galaxies formed during the first 5 billion years after the Big Bang has been revolutionized by observations that leverage gravitational lensing by intervening masses, which act as natural cosmic telescopes to magnify background sources. Previous...
Galaxies and clustersHigh-energy astrophysics
10.1038/S41550-019-0888-7
ISSN:2397-3366
A young progenitor for the most common planetary systems in the Galaxy
John H. Livingston•Erik A. Petigura•Trevor J. David•Kento Masuda•James Owen等 42 人
Nature
2026
•2026/1/7
•Vol.649 No.8096 p.310-314
The Galaxy’s most common known planetary systems have several Earth-to-Neptune-size planets in compact orbits1. At small orbital separations, larger planets are less common than their smaller counterparts by an order of magnitude. The young star V1298 Tau hosts one such compact planetary system, alb...
Atmospheric dynamicsExoplanetsTime-domain astronomy
10.1038/S41586-025-09840-Z
ISSN:0028-0836
Forming intracluster gas in a galaxy protocluster at a redshift of 2.16
Di Mascolo Luca•Saro Alexandro•Mroczkowski Tony•Borgani Stefano•Churazov Eugene等 16 人
Nature
2023
•2023/3/29
•Vol.615 No.7954 p.809-812
Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound structures in the Universe, comprising thousands of galaxies and pervaded by a diffuse, hot intracluster medium (ICM) that dominates the baryonic content of these systems. The formation and evolution of the ICM across cosmic time1 is thought...
Astronomy and astrophysicsGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41586-023-05761-X
ISSN:0028-0836
A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3
Luca Costantin•Pablo G. Pérez-González•Yuchen Guo•Chiara Buttitta•Shardha Jogee等 33 人
Nature
2023
•2023/11/8
•00 p.1-3
The majority of massive disk galaxies in the local Universe show a stellar barred structure in their central regions, including our Milky Way1,2. Bars are supposed to develop in dynamically cold stellar disks at low redshift, as the strong gas turbulence typical of disk galaxies at high redshift sup...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41586-023-06636-X
ISSN:0028-0836
Horizontal and vertical exoplanet thermal structure from a JWST spectroscopic eclipse map
Ryan C. Challener•Megan Weiner Mansfield•Patricio E. Cubillos•Anjali A. A. Piette•Louis-Philippe Coulombe等 36 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
•2025/10/28
•00 p.1-12
Highly irradiated giant exoplanets known ‘ultrahot Jupiters’ are anticipated to exhibit large variations of atmospheric temperature and chemistry as a function of longitude, latitude and altitude. Previous observations have hinted at these variations, but the existing data have been fundamentally re...
Atmospheric chemistryAtmospheric dynamicsExoplanets
10.1038/S41550-025-02666-9
ISSN:2397-3366
The carbon monoxide-rich interstellar comet 2I/Borisov
D. Bodewits•J. W. Noonan•P. D. Feldman•M. T. Bannister•D. Farnocchia等 10 人
Nature Astronomy
2020
•2020/4/20
•Vol.4 No.9 p.867-871
Interstellar comets offer direct samples of volatiles from distant protoplanetary disks. 2I/Borisov is the first notably active interstellar comet discovered in our Solar System1. Comets are condensed samples of the gas, ice and dust that were in a star’s protoplanetary disk during the formation of ...
Asteroids, comets and Kuiper beltExoplanets
10.1038/S41550-020-1095-2
ISSN:2397-3366
An intense narrow equatorial jet in Jupiter’s lower stratosphere observed by JWST
Ricardo Hueso•Agustín Sánchez-Lavega•Thierry Fouchet•Imke de Pater•Arrate Antuñano等 21 人
Nature Astronomy
2023
•2023/10/19
•00 p.1-9
The atmosphere of Jupiter has east–west zonal jets that alternate as a function of latitude as tracked by cloud motions at tropospheric levels. Above and below the cold tropopause at ~100 mbar, the equatorial atmosphere is covered by hazes at levels where thermal infrared observations used to charac...
Atmospheric dynamicsGiant planets
10.1038/S41550-023-02099-2
ISSN:2397-3366
The messy death of a multiple star system and the resulting planetary nebula as observed by JWST
De Marco Orsola•Akashi Muhammad•Akras Stavros•Alcolea Javier•Aleman Isabel等 69 人
Nature Astronomy
2022
•2022/12/8
•Vol.6 No.12 p.1421-1432
Planetary nebulae—the ejected envelopes of red giant stars—provide us with a history of the last, mass-losing phases of 90% of stars initially more massive than the Sun. Here we analyse images of the planetary nebula NGC 3132 from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observations. A s...
Astrophysical disksAstrophysical dustStarsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41550-022-01845-2
ISSN:2397-3366
UV absorption by silicate cloud precursors in ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b
Lothringer Joshua D.•Sing David K.•Rustamkulov Zafar•Wakeford Hannah R.•Stevenson Kevin B.等 9 人
Nature
2022
•2022/4/6
•Vol.604 No.7904 p.49-52
Aerosols have been found to be nearly ubiquitous in substellar atmospheres1–3. The precise temperature at which these aerosols begin to form in exoplanets has yet to be observationally constrained. Theoretical models and observations of muted spectral features indicate that silicate clouds play an i...
Atmospheric chemistryExoplanetsGiant planets
10.1038/S41586-022-04453-2
ISSN:0028-0836
A temperate 10-Earth-mass exoplanet around the Sun-like star Kepler-725
L. Sun•S. Gu•X. Wang•J. H. M. M. Schmitt•P. Ioannidis等 8 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
•2025/6/3
•00 p.1-11
The detection of low-mass exoplanets (≤10 Earth masses (M⊕)) yields fundamental inputs for current theories of planet formation and evolution, and supplies critical information for the planned direct-imaging missions that aim to detect and characterize Earth-like planets in the habitable zones aroun...
Exoplanets
10.1038/S41550-025-02565-Z
ISSN:2397-3366
Signatures of strong magnetization and a metal-poor atmosphere for a Neptune-sized exoplanet
Ben-Jaffel Lotfi•Ballester Gilda E.•Muñoz Antonio García•Lavvas Panayotis•Sing David K.等 13 人
Nature Astronomy
2021
•2021/12/16
•00 p.1-13
The magnetosphere of an exoplanet has yet to be unambiguously detected. Investigations of star–planet interaction and neutral atomic hydrogen absorption during transit to detect magnetic fields in hot Jupiters have been inconclusive, and interpretations of the transit absorption non-unique. In contr...
ExoplanetsMagnetospheric physics
10.1038/S41550-021-01505-X
ISSN:2397-3366
A close-in giant planet escapes engulfment by its star
Marc Hon•Daniel Huber•Nicholas Z. Rui•Jim Fuller•Dimitri Veras等 42 人
Nature
2023
•2023/6/28
•Vol.618 No.7967 p.917-920
When main-sequence stars expand into red giants, they are expected to engulf close-in planets1–5. Until now, the absence of planets with short orbital periods around post-expansion, core-helium-burning red giants6–8 has been interpreted as evidence that short-period planets around Sun-like stars do ...
ExoplanetsStellar evolution
10.1038/S41586-023-06029-0
ISSN:0028-0836
Black-hole-triggered star formation in the dwarf galaxy Henize 2-10
Schutte Zachary•Reines Amy E.
Nature
2022
•2022/1/19
•Vol.601 No.7893 p.329-333
Black-hole-driven outflows have been observed in some dwarf galaxies with active galactic nuclei1, and probably play a role in heating and expelling gas (thereby suppressing star formation), as they do in larger galaxies2. The extent to which black-hole outflows can trigger star formation in dwarf g...
Astronomy and astrophysicsGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41586-021-04215-6
ISSN:0028-0836
Measurement of the gas consumption history of a massive quiescent galaxy
Jan Scholtz•Francesco D’Eugenio•Roberto Maiolino•Pablo G. Pérez-González•Chiara Circosta等 26 人
Nature Astronomy
2026
•2026/1/12
•Vol.10 No.3 p.431-439
The James Webb Space Telescope is discovering increasing numbers of quiescent galaxies 1–2 billion years after the Big Bang, whose redshift, high mass and old stellar ages indicate that their formation and quenching were surprisingly rapid. This fast-paced evolution seems to require that feedback fr...
Early universeGalaxies and clusters
10.1038/S41550-025-02751-Z
ISSN:2397-3366
A long-duration gamma-ray burst of dynamical origin from the nucleus of an ancient galaxy
Andrew J. Levan•Daniele B. Malesani•Benjamin P. Gompertz•Anya E. Nugent•Matt Nicholl等 32 人
Nature Astronomy
2023
•2023/6/22
•00 p.1-10
The majority of long-duration (>2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arise from the collapse of massive stars, with a small proportion created from the merger of compact objects. Most of these systems form via standard stellar evolution pathways. However, a fraction of GRBs may result from dynamical inte...
High-energy astrophysicsTransient astrophysical phenomena
10.1038/S41550-023-01998-8
ISSN:2397-3366
Discovery of $${{\bf{H}}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{+}}$$ and infrared aurorae at Neptune with JWST
Henrik Melin•Luke Moore•Leigh N. Fletcher•Heidi B. Hammel•James O’Donoghue等 15 人
Nature Astronomy
2025
•2025/3/26
•00 p.1-6
Emissions from the upper-atmospheric molecular ion $${{\rm{H}}}_{3}^{+}$$ have been used to study the global-scale interactions of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus with their surrounding space environments for over 30 years, revealing the processes shaping the aurorae. However, despite repeated attempts, ...
AuroraGiant planets
10.1038/S41550-025-02507-9
ISSN:2397-3366