NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1
English
United States, Boulder
Physical Sciences Laboratory
数据描述
NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1 consists of 4x daily, daily, and monthly atmospheric model output from 1948 to near present.
psl.noaa.gov
IP: 140.172.38.12
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2018
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2025
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Asymmetric impacts of Arctic sea ice anomalies on El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Shangfeng Chen•Wen Chen•Renguang Wu•Bin Yu•Hans-F Graf等 8 人
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2025
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Key propagation pathways of extreme precipitation events revealed by climate networks
Kaiwen Li•Yu Huang•Kai Liu•Ming Wang•Fenying Cai等 7 人
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2024
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The comprehensive understanding of propagation patterns of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) is essential for early warning of associated hazards such as floods and landslides. In this study, we utilize climate networks based on an event synchronization measure to investigate the propagation patte...
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Enhanced North Pacific impact on El Niño/Southern Oscillation under greenhouse warming
Jia Fan•Cai Wenju•Gan Bolan•Wu Lixin•Di Lorenzo Emanuele
Nature Climate Change
2021
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A majority of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are preceded by the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM), a dominant coupled ocean–atmospheric mode of variability. How the precursory NPMM forcing on ENSO responds to greenhouse warming remains unknown. Here, using climate model ensembles und...
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ENSO-driven abrupt phase shift in North Atlantic oscillation in early January
Xin Geng•Jiuwei Zhao•Jong-Seong Kug
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2023
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Climate change now detectable from any single day of weather at global scale
Sebastian Sippel•Nicolai Meinshausen•Erich M. Fischer•Enikő Székely•Reto Knutti
Nature Climate Change
2020
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For generations, climate scientists have educated the public that ‘weather is not climate’, and climate change has been framed as the change in the distribution of weather that slowly emerges from large variability over decades1–7. However, weather when considered globally is now in uncharted territ...
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Attributing the recent weakening of the South Asian subtropical westerlies
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Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
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Over the last four decades (1980–2020), the summer westerlies that prevail in South Asia along the monsoon trough region have weakened by about 25% based on multiple reanalysis datasets. Trends in a range of climate model simulations suggest that the weakening is driven by multiple anthropogenic for...
AttributionClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-024-00777-0
ISSN:2397-3722
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Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
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Western Europe experienced an unprecedentedly hot July in 2022, which significantly impacted ecosystems and society. Our observational and numerical modeling study reveals that this event was influenced by anomalous North Atlantic and Eurasian jet streams. The northeastward shift of the North Atlant...
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Nature Climate Change
2022
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The Atlantic Niño/Niña is a dominant mode of interannual variability peaking in boreal summer with substantial climate impacts. How the Atlantic Niño/Niña sea surface temperature (SST) variability may change under greenhouse warming remains unclear. Here we find a robust suppression in future Atlant...
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Oceanic fronts shape hemispheric contrasts in polar stratospheric extremes
Nour-Eddine Omrani•Fumiaki Ogawa•Hisashi Nakamura•Sandro W. Lubis•Noel S. Keenlyside等 6 人
Nature Communications
2026
•2026/4/20
0Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) and Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) exhibit striking inter-hemispheric asymmetries: SSWs are frequent in the Arctic but rare in the Antarctic, while PSCs are more persistent in the Antarctic. Although land–sea thermal contrast and orography (LSCO) have been tra...
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2024
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North Atlantic oscillation controls multidecadal changes in the North Tropical Atlantic−Pacific connection
Ding Ruiqiang•Nnamchi Hyacinth C.•Yu Jin-Yi•Li Tim•Sun Cheng等 12 人
Nature Communications
2023
•2023/2/16
•Vol.14 No.1 p.1-10
By exciting subtropical teleconnections, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) during boreal spring can trigger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following boreal winter, thereby providing a precursor for ENSO predictability. However, this NTA−E...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-023-36564-3
ISSN:2041-1723
Distinct influences of large-scale circulation and regional feedbacks in two exceptional 2019 European heatwaves
Pedro M. Sousa•David Barriopedro•Ricardo García-Herrera•Carlos Ordóñez•Pedro M. M. Soares等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2020
•2020/11/9
•Vol.1 No.1 p.1-13
Two separate heatwaves affected western Europe in June and July 2019, in particular France, Belgium, the Netherlands, western Germany and northeastern Spain. Here we compare the European 2019 summer temperatures to multi-proxy reconstructions of temperatures since 1500, and analyze the relative infl...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate-change impactsNatural hazards
10.1038/S43247-020-00048-9
ISSN:2662-4435
Elucidating the loose tie between precipitation and streamflow sensitivities to warming across the contiguous United States
Marc Prange•Ming Zhao•Elena Shevliakova•Sergey Malyshev
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/11/20
•Vol.8 No.1 p.3780
The relation of regional precipitation and streamflow sensitivities to warming is complicated by runoff often being the small residual in the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration. In addition, the inhomogeneous nature of land-hydrological properties and hydrological interventions by ...
Atmospheric scienceEnvironmental impactHydrologyWater resources
10.1038/S41612-025-01257-9
ISSN:2397-3722
Teleconnections among tipping elements in the Earth system
Liu Teng•Chen Dean•Yang Lan•Meng Jun•Wang Zanchenling等 13 人
Nature Climate Change
2023
•2023/1/5
•Vol.13 No.1 p.67-74
Tipping elements are components of the Earth system that may shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another at specific thresholds. It is not well understood to what degree tipping of one system can influence other regions or tipping elements. Here, we propose a climate network approach t...
Climate changeStatistics
10.1038/S41558-022-01558-4
ISSN:1758-678X
Recent autumn sea ice loss in the eastern Arctic enhanced by summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation
Botao Zhou•Ziyi Song•Zhicong Yin•Xinping Xu•Bo Sun等 7 人
Nature Communications
2024
•2024/3/30
•Vol.15 No.1 p.1-10
Recent rapid Arctic sea ice loss was documented as combined results from anthropogenic forcing and climate system internal variability. However, the role of internal variability is not well understood. Here, we propose that the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO), an intrinsic atmospheric mode featuring...
Atmospheric dynamicsCryospheric science
10.1038/S41467-024-47051-8
ISSN:2041-1723
Indo-Pacific regional extremes aggravated by changes in tropical weather patterns
Chenyu Dong•Robin Noyelle•Gabriele Messori•Adriano Gualandi•Lucas Fery等 14 人
Nature Geoscience
2024
•2024/10/4
•Vol.17 No.10 p.979-986
The Pacific Walker circulation and the closely connected El Niño/Southern Oscillation influence the climate and weather of the tropical Indo-Pacific region. They specifically exert a strong control on the regional occurrence of weather extremes, such as heatwaves, heavy precipitation and prolonged d...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modellingClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41561-024-01537-8
ISSN:1752-0894
Record-breaking emergence of upstream-downstream zonal-consistent variation in the Eurasian jet axis
Lifei Lin•Chundi Hu•Dake Chen•Renguang Wu•Tao Lian等 8 人
Nature Communications
2026
•2026/2/4
•Vol.17 No.1 p.26710
Eurasian weather/climate extremes are often considerably linked to the meandering and/or latitudinal shifts of upper-level westerly jet, but the variation and impact of the upstream-downstream zonal consistency (UDZC) in the Eurasian jet axis are less known. Here we report a record-breaking emergenc...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modelling
10.1038/S41467-026-68772-Y
ISSN:2041-1723
Understanding the driving mechanisms behind triple-dip La Niñas: insights from the prediction perspective
Han-Ching Chen•Yu-Heng Tseng•Jo-Hsu Huang•Ping-Han Juang
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/4/16
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-11
This study investigates the mechanisms and predictability of multi-year La Niña events, focusing on the 1998–2001 and 2020–2023 triple-dip events, using a physically based statistical ENSO prediction model (EPM). The results highlight distinct driving mechanisms behind these two events. The 1998–200...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-025-01004-0
ISSN:2397-3722
A key role of off-equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies in Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability
Sieu-Cuong San•Yu-Heng Tseng•Ruiqiang Ding•Emanuele Di Lorenzo
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/5/22
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-11
We demonstrate the key role of off-equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies in driving the phase transition of Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability (TPDV) using observation and model experiments. During the positive phase of TPDV, anomalous atmospheric responses in the off-equatorial northwestern...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-024-00643-Z
ISSN:2397-3722
Tropical monsoon rainfall can be predicted with lead times up to 10 months
Guanghao Ran•Jun Meng•Jingfang Fan
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/5/28
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-10
Tropical monsoons play a critical role in shaping regional and global climate systems, with profound ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, their long-term prediction remains challenging due to the complex interplay of regional dynamics, global climate drivers, large-scale teleconnections, ...
Climate changeClimate sciences
10.1038/S43247-025-02391-1
ISSN:2662-4435
A 50-year cycle of sea surface temperature regulates decadal precipitation in the tropical and South Atlantic region
Iuri Gorenstein•Ilana Wainer•Francesco S. R. Pausata•Luciana F. Prado•Myriam Khodri等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2023
•2023/11/21
•Vol.4 No.1 p.1-11
Northeast Brazil and Western Africa are two regions geographically separated by the Atlantic Ocean, both home to vulnerable populations living in semi-arid areas. Atlantic Ocean modes of variability and their interactions with the atmosphere are the main drivers of decadal precipitation in these Atl...
HydrologyPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S43247-023-01073-0
ISSN:2662-4435
Unleashing the power of the Sun: the increasing impact of the solar cycle on off-season super typhoons since the 1990s
Chau-Ron Wu•Yong-Fu Lin•I-I Lin•Jin-Yi Yu
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/10/20
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-10
The occurrence of super typhoons outside the normal typhoon season can result in devastating loss of life and property damage. Our research reveals that the 11-year solar cycle can affect the incidence of these off-season typhoons (from November to April) in the western North Pacific by influencing ...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modellingClimate-change impactsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-023-00495-Z
ISSN:2397-3722
Spectral analysis of climate dynamics with operator-theoretic approaches
Froyland Gary•Giannakis Dimitrios•Lintner Benjamin R.•Pike Maxwell•Slawinska Joanna
Nature Communications
2021
•2021/11/12
•Vol.12 No.1 p.1-21
The Earth’s climate system is a classical example of a multiscale, multiphysics dynamical system with an extremely large number of active degrees of freedom, exhibiting variability on scales ranging from micrometers and seconds in cloud microphysics, to thousands of kilometers and centuries in ocean...
Applied mathematicsClimate sciences
10.1038/S41467-021-26357-X
ISSN:2041-1723
Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming
Tao Geng•Fan Jia•Wenju Cai•Lixin Wu•Bolan Gan等 8 人
Nature
2023
•2023/7/26
•Vol.619 No.7971 p.774-781
Most El Niño events occur sporadically and peak in a single winter1–3, whereas La Niña tends to develop after an El Niño and last for two years or longer4–7. Relative to single-year La Niña, consecutive La Niña features meridionally broader easterly winds and hence a slower heat recharge of the equa...
Physical oceanographyProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41586-023-06236-9
ISSN:0028-0836
Disentangling the North Pacific Meridional Mode from tropical Pacific variability
Richter Ingo•Stuecker Malte F.•Takahashi Naoya•Schneider Niklas
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2022
•2022/11/18
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-9
Variations of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the subtropical North Pacific have received considerable attention due to their potential role as a precursor of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the tropical Pacific as well as their role in regional climate impacts. These subtropical SST ...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-022-00317-8
ISSN:2397-3722
Interannual impact of the Victoria mode on the winter-spring surface air temperature over Eurasia and North America
Kai Ji•Ruiqiang Ding
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/8/11
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-9
Variations of the Victoria mode (VM) have received considerable attention due to their profound impacts on the climate systems in the pan-North Pacific. However, works about its impact on surface air temperature (SAT) variability over Eurasia and North America, which may be responsible for extreme w...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-023-00440-0
ISSN:2397-3722
The expanding Indo-Pacific freshwater pool and changing freshwater pathway in the South Indian Ocean
Gengxin Chen•Weiqing Han•Aixue Hu•Gerald A. Meehl•Arnold L. Gordon等 9 人
Nature Climate Change
2026
•2026/2/3
•Vol.16 No.3 p.331-340
Understanding ocean freshwater variability is key to assessing the global water cycle and climate change, but changes in freshwater storage and transport remain unclear. Here we show that the South Indian Ocean—a vital conduit for interocean exchange—has experienced the strongest freshening in the S...
Climate-change impactsHydrologyPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41558-025-02553-1
ISSN:1758-678X
Aerosol emission reductions cause post-2011 rapid warming in the northwestern Pacific
Nan Yang•Yan Xia•Fei Xie•Chuanfeng Zhao•Tianyi Fan等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/11/25
0The northwestern Pacific has exhibited an anomalously rapid warming since 2011, causing significant climate disasters and marine ecosystem destruction. Yet the drivers of this accelerated warming remain insufficiently understood. Here we find that anthropogenic aerosol mitigation constitutes the pri...
Atmospheric scienceClimate change
10.1038/S43247-025-03015-4
ISSN:2662-4435
Atlantic origin of the increasing Asian westerly jet interannual variability
Lifei Lin•Chundi Hu•Bin Wang•Renguang Wu•Zeming Wu等 10 人
Nature Communications
2024
•2024/3/9
•Vol.15 No.1 p.1-10
The summer Eurasian westerly jet is reported to become weaker and wavier, thus promoting the frequent weather extremes. However, the primary driver of the changing jet stream remains in debate, mainly due to the regionality and seasonality of the Eurasian jet. Here we report a sharp increase, by app...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-024-46543-X
ISSN:2041-1723
Unexpected limitation of tropical cyclone genesis by subsurface tropical central-north Pacific during El Niño
Gao Cong•Zhou Lei•Wang Chunzai•Lin I.-I.•Murtugudde Raghu
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/12/14
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-7
The vast tropical Pacific is home to the majority of tropical cyclones (TCs) which threaten the rim countries every year. The TC genesis is nourished by warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). During El Niño, the western Pacific warm pool extends eastward. However, the number of TCs does not increase ...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanographyProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41467-022-35530-9
ISSN:2041-1723
Opposing hydroclimate extremes in Central and mainland Southeast Asia over past millennium
Na Wang•Sylvia Dee•Jun Hu•Kaustubh Thirumalai
Nature Geoscience
2026
•2026/6/22
•00 p.1-8
Modern instrumental observations indicate increasing drought in monsoonal mainland Southeast Asia and more frequent extreme precipitation events in arid Central Asia. These changes underlie the emergence of atypical hydroclimate extremes that deviate from the mean climate background, posing severe t...
Atmospheric dynamicsPalaeoclimateProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41561-026-02020-2
ISSN:1752-0894
Aridity threshold of ecological restoration mitigated atmospheric drought via land‒atmosphere coupling in drylands
Yu Zhang•Xiaoming Feng•Chaowei Zhou•Chuanlian Sun•Xuejing Leng等 6 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2024
•2024/7/16
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-11
Land‒atmosphere coupling intensifies the vulnerability of ecosystems in drylands. However, whether and how ecological restoration would modify the land‒atmosphere coupling across drylands remains unclear. To address these gaps, here we use structural equation model to separate two pathways of land‒a...
Climate-change ecologyClimate-change mitigationRestoration ecology
10.1038/S43247-024-01555-9
ISSN:2662-4435
Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability
Wang Guojian•Cai Wenju•Santoso Agus•Wu Lixin•Fyfe John C.等 9 人
Nature Climate Change
2022
•2022/6/27
•Vol.12 No.7 p.649-654
The Southern Ocean is a primary heat sink that buffers atmospheric warming and has warmed substantially, accounting for an outsized portion of global warming-induced excess heat in the climate system. However, its projected warming is highly uncertain and varies substantially across climate models. ...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate change
10.1038/S41558-022-01398-2
ISSN:1758-678X
Atlantic multidecadal variability controls Arctic-ENSO connection
Shangfeng Chen•Wen Chen•Renguang Wu•Bin Yu•Hans-F. Graf等 8 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/2/10
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-12
The springtime Arctic Oscillation (AO), a dominant pattern of atmospheric variability in the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere, influences the subsequent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by triggering westerly wind bursts over the equatorial western Pacific. It thereby provides a source of predi...
Atmospheric dynamicsAtmospheric science
10.1038/S41612-025-00936-X
ISSN:2397-3722
Indian Ocean warming as key driver of long-term positive trend of Arctic Oscillation
Jeong Yong-Cheol•Yeh Sang-Wook•Lim Young-Kwon•Santoso Agus•Wang Guojian
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2022
•2022/7/8
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-10
Arctic oscillation (AO), which is the most dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the boreal winter, significantly affects the weather and climate at mid-to-high latitudes in the NH. Although a climate community has focused on a negative trend of AO in recent decades...
Atmospheric scienceClimate change
10.1038/S41612-022-00279-X
ISSN:2397-3722
Gaps and ways forward in atmospheric blocking and extreme weather research
Lei Wang•Jian Lu•Melissa L. Breeden•Gang Chen•Stephanie A. Henderson等 10 人
Nature Communications
2026
•2026/3/24
•Vol.17 No.1 p.28730
Atmospheric blocking often results in significant weather extremes and associated impacts such as heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, cold spells, and floods in mid-latitude regions. However, the physical processes behind blocking and associated extreme weather events are not well understood, hampering ...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modellingProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41467-026-70487-Z
ISSN:2041-1723
Causal networks for climate model evaluation and constrained projections
Peer Nowack•Jakob Runge•Veronika Eyring•Joanna D. Haigh
Nature Communications
2020
•2020/3/16
•Vol.11 No.1 p.1-11
Global climate models are central tools for understanding past and future climate change. The assessment of model skill, in turn, can benefit from modern data science approaches. Here we apply causal discovery algorithms to sea level pressure data from a large set of climate model simulations and, a...
Atmospheric scienceClimate and Earth system modellingClimate changeClimate sciencesProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41467-020-15195-Y
ISSN:2041-1723
Unraveling the mystery of recent shortened response time of ENSO to Atlantic forcing
Qi Tian•Jin-Yi Yu•Hyacinth C. Nnamchi•Tim Li•Jianping Li等 7 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/7/1
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-9
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to respond to tropical Atlantic (TA) sea surface temperature (SST) forcing. However, the response time of ENSO to the TA SST forcing is not stationary but varies over decades, the reasons for which remain poorly understood. Here we show that decadal c...
Atmospheric scienceClimate change
10.1038/S41467-025-61130-4
ISSN:2041-1723
Uncertain dynamic response of mid-latitude winter precipitation
Lei Gu•Dominik L. Schumacher•Sebastian Sippel•Erich M. Fischer•Istvan Dunkl等 9 人
Nature
2026
•2026/4/29
•00 p.1-7
Understanding changes in precipitation is crucial for society and ecosystems1,2. Studies have documented the respective contributions of anthropogenic forcing and internal variability to precipitation trends3,4, yet discrepancies persist between observed and simulated patterns. In Northern Hemispher...
Atmospheric scienceClimate changeHydrology
10.1038/S41586-026-10474-Y
ISSN:0028-0836
Perspective on the shifting interannual variability of recent summer temperature modes in eastern China: Roles of Arctic sea-ice, Arctic Oscillation and Pakistan precipitation
Zeming Wu•Chundi Hu•Kuo Wang•Renguang Wu•Lifei Lin等 6 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/11/7
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-10
Extreme heat events are observed increasingly in eastern China during recent high-summer (July–August), yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we reveal considerable changes in local interannual temperature variability, manifesting as the enhancing south-north uniform warming (SNUW) mo...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciencesOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01236-0
ISSN:2397-3722
Strong influence of north Pacific Ocean variability on Indian summer heatwaves
Hari Vittal•Ghosh Subimal•Zhang Wei•Kumar Rohini
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/9/12
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-11
Increased occurrence of heatwaves across different parts of the world is one of the characteristic signatures of anthropogenic warming. With a 1.3 billion population, India is one of the hot spots that experience deadly heatwaves during May-June – yet the large-scale physical mechanism and teleconne...
Atmospheric scienceClimate change
10.1038/S41467-022-32942-5
ISSN:2041-1723
Oscillation-induced yield loss in China partially driven by migratory pests from mainland Southeast Asia
Chenzhi Wang•Xuhui Wang•Yuxing Sang•Christoph Müller•Yao Huang等 15 人
Nature Food
2025
•2025/4/18
•00 p.1-11
Large-scale climate oscillations are recognized as skilful predictors of variations in global and regional crop yield. However, the mechanisms linking climate oscillations to crop yield variations remain unclear and are widely assumed to result from crop physiological responses to oscillation-induce...
AgroecologyClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S43016-025-01158-3
ISSN:2662-1355
Differing roles of North Atlantic oceanic and atmospheric transports in the winter Eurasian Arctic sea-ice interannual-to-decadal variability
Jiaqi Shi•Binhe Luo•Dehai Luo•Yao Yao•Tingting Gong等 6 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/3/6
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-13
In recent decades, winter Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC) has experienced a most prominent decline over Barents-Kara Seas (BKS). However, what regulates the time scale and spatial structure of the SIC variability over the Eurasian Arctic is unclear. Here, we find that the SIC variability over the...
Atmospheric dynamicsEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S41612-024-00605-5
ISSN:2397-3722
Southern Indian Ocean Dipole as a trigger for Central Pacific El Niño since the 2000s
Jo Hyun-Su•Ham Yoo-Geun•Kug Jong-Seong•Li Tim•Kim Jeong-Hwan等 7 人
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/11/15
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-8
Despite decades of effort, predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since the 2000s has become increasingly challenging. This is due to the weaker coupling between the ENSO and well-known precursors in tropical ocean basins, particularly in the Indian Ocean. Here we show that the Southern ...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanographyProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41467-022-34721-8
ISSN:2041-1723
Volcanic eruptions disrupt ENSO teleconnections with land summer temperature
Xu Zhang•Jinbao Li•Shang-Ping Xie•Fei Liu•Feng Shi等 8 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/11/10
•Vol.16 No.1 p.98820
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key ocean-atmospheric mode that affects global weather and climate through atmospheric teleconnections. It remains unclear how robust and stable ENSO teleconnection patterns are under external perturbations. Here, we use observations to demonstrate that v...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modellingPalaeoclimate
10.1038/S41467-025-64879-W
ISSN:2041-1723
Hurricane influence on the oceanic eddies in the Gulf Stream region
Xinning Ni•Yu Zhang•Wei Wang
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/1/10
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-9
The Gulf Stream region (GSR) represents an area of robust oceanic eddies, active hurricanes, and more importantly, frequent encounters between the two phenomena. However, the direct impact of the intense storms on the eddy field has seldom been comprehensively examined. Here based on a multi-year an...
Physical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-025-55927-6
ISSN:2041-1723
Frequency of the winter temperature extremes over Siberia dominated by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Wang Huan•Zuo Zhiyan•Qiao Liang•Zhang Kaiwen•Sun Cheng等 9 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2022
•2022/11/4
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-10
Widespread observed and projected increases in warm extremes, along with decreases in cold extremes, have been confirmed as being consistent with global and regional warming. Here we disclosed that the decadal variation in the frequency of the surface air temperature (SAT) extremes over Siberia in w...
Atmospheric dynamicsAttribution
10.1038/S41612-022-00307-W
ISSN:2397-3722
Complex networks reveal global pattern of extreme-rainfall teleconnections
Niklas Boers•Bedartha Goswami•Aljoscha Rheinwalt•Bodo Bookhagen•Brian Hoskins等 6 人
Nature
2019
•2019/1/30
•Vol.566 No.7744 p.373-377
Climatic observables are often correlated across long spatial distances, and extreme events, such as heatwaves or floods, are typically assumed to be related to such teleconnections1,2. Revealing atmospheric teleconnection patterns and understanding their underlying mechanisms is of great importance...
Atmospheric dynamicsComplex networks
10.1038/S41586-018-0872-X
ISSN:0028-0836
Part I observational study on a new mechanism for North Pacific Oscillation influencing the tropics
Zhao Jiuwei•Sung Mi-Kyung•Park Jae-Heung•Luo Jing-Jia•Kug Jong-Seong
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/2/27
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-10
The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), a representative midlatitude atmospheric variability, plays an important role in the development of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). To explain this extratropical–tropical linkage, previous studies have focused on the atmospheric boundary layer processes ...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-023-00336-Z
ISSN:2397-3722
Compound atmospheric drivers of the catastrophic 2025 Los Angeles urban firestorm
Kristen Guirguis•Benjamin Hatchett•Rachel Clemesha•Rosana Aguilera•Alexander Gershunov等 8 人
Npj Natural Hazards
2025
•2025/12/11
•Vol.2 No.1 p.1030
Urban firestorms are a growing hazard in fire-prone regions worldwide due to increasingly dry vegetation and expanding populations at the wildland-urban interface. In January 2025, the city of Los Angeles, California (USA), experienced an unprecedented fire disaster that destroyed over 16,000 struct...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciencesNatural hazards
10.1038/S44304-025-00155-7
ISSN:2948-2100
Evolving winter atmospheric teleconnection patterns and their potential triggers across western North America
Jueun Lee•S.-Y. Simon Wang•Seok-Woo Son•Daehyun Kim•Jee-Hoon Jeong等 7 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/3/7
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-10
We present a comprehensive analysis diagnosing the primary factors driving the observed changes in major atmospheric teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere winter, including the Pacific North American pattern (PNA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and North American winter dipole (NAWD...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modelling
10.1038/S41612-024-00608-2
ISSN:2397-3722
Sea ice–air interactions amplify multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic and Arctic region
Deng Jiechun•Dai Aiguo
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/4/19
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-13
Winter surface air temperature (Tas) over the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) and other Arctic regions has experienced rapid warming since the late 1990s that has been linked to the concurring cooling over Eurasia, and these multidecadal trends are attributed partly to internal variability. However, how suc...
AttributionProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41467-022-29810-7
ISSN:2041-1723
Seasonal phase change of the North Atlantic Tripole Sea surface temperature predicted by air-sea coupling
Haipeng Yu•Shanling Cheng•Jianping Huang•Zeyong Hu•Haojie Wu等 6 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/12/24
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-13
The North Atlantic Tripole sea surface temperature anomaly (NAT SSTA) is critical for predicting climate in Eurasia. Predictions for summer climate anomalies currently assume the NAT SSTA phase persists from boreal winter through summer. When NAT phase switches, predictions become unreliable. Howeve...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-024-00882-0
ISSN:2397-3722
Tropical Atlantic multidecadal variability is dominated by external forcing
Chengfei He•Amy C. Clement•Sydney M. Kramer•Mark A. Cane•Jeremy M. Klavans等 7 人
Nature
2023
•2023/9/13
•00 p.1-7
The tropical Atlantic climate is characterized by prominent and correlated multidecadal variability in Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), Sahel rainfall and hurricane activity1–4. Owing to uncertainties in both the models and the observations, the origin of the physical relationships among th...
Atmospheric scienceClimate changeOcean sciences
10.1038/S41586-023-06489-4
ISSN:0028-0836
Atmospheric wavenumber-4 driven South Pacific marine heat waves and marine cool spells
Chiswell Stephen M.
Nature Communications
2021
•2021/8/6
•Vol.12 No.1 p.1-8
Marine heat waves (MHW) and cool spells (MCS) can both positively and negatively impact marine ecosystems with potentially large societal and economic impacts. Here, I examine the global teleconnections of MHW/MCS in the southern hemisphere and Tasman Sea. When MHW/MCS are defined with respect to a ...
Physical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-021-25160-Y
ISSN:2041-1723
Winter particulate pollution severity in North China driven by atmospheric teleconnections
Li Jiandong•Hao Xin•Liao Hong•Wang Yuhang•Cai Wenju等 13 人
Nature Geoscience
2022
•2022/4/21
•00 p.1-7
Elevated levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere are hazardous to human health and the environment. Severe particulate pollution days, with daily mean PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 150 μg m−3, occurred frequently in North China, especially during the boreal winters of 2013–2019. Severe parti...
Atmospheric chemistryAtmospheric dynamicsAtmospheric scienceEnvironmental sciences
10.1038/S41561-022-00933-2
ISSN:1752-0894
Multi-task machine learning improves multi-seasonal prediction of the Indian Ocean Dipole
Ling Fenghua•Luo Jing-Jia•Li Yue•Tang Tao•Bai Lei等 7 人
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/12/12
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-9
As one of the most predominant interannual variabilities, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) exerts great socio-economic impacts globally, especially on Asia, Africa, and Australia. While enormous efforts have been made since its discovery to improve both climate models and statistical methods for better...
Atmospheric scienceOcean sciences
10.1038/S41467-022-35412-0
ISSN:2041-1723
Amplified summer extreme precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in the early 21st century
XiaoJing Jia•Fangchi Liu•Wei Dong•Xinhai Chen•Qifeng Qian
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/12/18
•Vol.8 No.1 p.3900
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced significant intensification of extreme precipitation events in recent decades, with cascading risks to water security and fragile ecosystems. This study reveals a distinct post-2000 surge in summer extreme precipitation over the TP, characterized primarily by...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01270-Y
ISSN:2397-3722
Tropical cyclones act to intensify El Niño
Qiuyun Wang•Jianping Li•Fei-Fei Jin•Johnny C. L. Chan•Chunzai Wang等 13 人
Nature Communications
2019
•2019/8/22
•Vol.10 No.1 p.1-13
Tropical cyclones (TCs), some of the most influential weather events across the globe, are modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, little is known about the feedback of TCs on ENSO. Here, observational and modelling evidence shows that TC activity in the southeastern western N...
Atmospheric dynamicsOcean sciences
10.1038/S41467-019-11720-W
ISSN:2041-1723
Diverse NPMM conditions deviate the 2023/24 El Niño from the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 extreme El Niño events
Yong-Fu Lin•Mengyan Chen•Lingling Liu•Fei Zheng•Ruiqiang Ding等 12 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/3/31
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-11
The 2023/24 El Niño commenced with an exceptionally large warm water volume in the equatorial western Pacific, comparable to the extreme 1997/98 and 2015/16 events, but did not develop into a super El Niño. This study highlights the critical role of contrasting Northern Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM...
Climate sciencesOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01013-Z
ISSN:2397-3722
Albedo changes caused by future urbanization contribute to global warming
Ouyang Zutao•Sciusco Pietro•Jiao Tong•Feron Sarah•Lei Cheyenne等 13 人
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/7/1
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-9
The replacement of natural lands with urban structures has multiple environmental consequences, yet little is known about the magnitude and extent of albedo-induced warming contributions from urbanization at the global scale in the past and future. Here, we apply an empirical approach to quantify th...
Climate changeClimate-change ecology
10.1038/S41467-022-31558-Z
ISSN:2041-1723
Enhanced North Pacific Victoria mode in a warming climate
Kai Ji•Jin-Yi Yu•Jianping Li•Zeng-Zhen Hu•Yu-Heng Tseng等 9 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/2/27
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-8
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), renowned as the dominant sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuation in the North Pacific and extensively scrutinized for its extensive influence on global climate patterns, stands in stark contrast to the Victoria mode (VM). Traditionally, the VM, representing t...
Climate changeClimate-change impactsOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-024-00599-0
ISSN:2397-3722
Part II model support on a new mechanism for North Pacific Oscillation influence on ENSO
Zhao Jiuwei•Sung Mi-Kyung•Park Jae-Heung•Luo Jing-Jia•Kug Jong-Seong
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/2/27
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-13
Owing to the significant influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on global climate, how ENSO events are initiated is an intriguing issue. The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), a primary atmospheric variability over the midlatitude, is a well-known trigger for ENSO events, but the physical li...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-023-00337-Y
ISSN:2397-3722
Rapid flips between warm and cold extremes in a warming world
Sijia Wu•Ming Luo•Gabriel Ngar-Cheung Lau•Wei Zhang•Lin Wang等 21 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/4/22
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-12
Rapid temperature flips are sudden shifts from extreme warm to cold or vice versa–both challenge humans and ecosystems by leaving a very short time to mitigate two contrasting extremes, but are yet to be understood. Here, we provide a global assessment of rapid temperature flips from 1961 to 2100. W...
Atmospheric scienceClimate changeNatural hazards
10.1038/S41467-025-58544-5
ISSN:2041-1723
Enhanced impact of the Aleutian Low on increasing the Central Pacific ENSO in recent decades
Chen Shangfeng•Chen Wen•Yu Bin•Wu Renguang•Graf Hans-F.等 6 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/4/3
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-13
In this study, we reveal a marked enhanced impact of the early-spring Aleutian Low (AL) on the following winter El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) after the late-1990s. This enhanced impact of the early-spring AL may have an important contribution to the increased emergence of the central Pacif...
Atmospheric dynamicsAttribution
10.1038/S41612-023-00350-1
ISSN:2397-3722
Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
Yu Zhao•Jin-Yi Yu•Huang-Hsiung Hsu•I-I Lin•Song Yang等 11 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/8/8
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-11
Multi-year marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are major climate events with lasting ecological and economic effects. Though often seen as local Pacific phenomena, our study shows their persistence depends on trans-basin interactions between the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Usin...
Atmospheric scienceOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01187-6
ISSN:2397-3722
Radiative forcing reduced by early twenty-first century increase in land albedo
Zhengyang Hou•Liqiang Zhang•Jingjing Peng•Giovanni Forzieri•Aolin Jia等 20 人
Nature
2025
•2025/5/28
•Vol.641 No.8065 p.1162-1171
Surface albedo greatly affects how much energy the Earth absorbs. Intensive human activities and accelerated climate change have altered surface albedo across spatial and temporal scales1–3, yet assessments of the effects of land use or land cover (LULC) and snow variations on land surface albedo ar...
Climate changeClimate-change ecologyCryospheric scienceEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S41586-025-08987-Z
ISSN:0028-0836
Change of El Niño onset location around 1970
Xiao Pan•Tim Li•Jinhua Yu
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/7/5
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-10
A shift of El Niño onset location from eastern Pacific (EP) to western Pacific (WP) occurred around 1970. It was accompanied by a faster mean sea surface temperature (SST) warming in WP and a change of precursory SST and wind anomaly patterns. The eigenvalue analysis of a simple coupled model shows ...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-024-00709-Y
ISSN:2397-3722
Multi-year El Niño events tied to the North Pacific Oscillation
Ding Ruiqiang•Tseng Yu‐Heng•Di Lorenzo Emanuele•Shi Liang•Li Jianping等 12 人
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/7/5
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-11
Multi-year El Niño events induce severe and persistent floods and droughts worldwide, with significant socioeconomic impacts, but the causes of their long-lasting behaviors are still not fully understood. Here we present a two-way feedback mechanism between the tropics and extratropics to argue that...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate changePhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-022-31516-9
ISSN:2041-1723
A multiscale model for El Niño complexity
Chen Nan•Fang Xianghui•Yu Jin-Yi
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2022
•2022/3/11
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-13
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits diverse characteristics in spatial pattern, peak intensity, and temporal evolution. Here we develop a three-region multiscale stochastic model to show that the observed ENSO complexity can be explained by combining intraseasonal, interannual, and decadal ...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-022-00241-X
ISSN:2397-3722
Increased European heat waves in recent decades in response to shrinking Arctic sea ice and Eurasian snow cover
Ruonan Zhang•Chenghu Sun•Jieshun Zhu•Renhe Zhang•Weijing Li
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2020
•2020/2/18
•Vol.3 No.1 p.1-9
In recent decades, unprecedented extreme summer heat waves have occurred in Europe, and they have exhibited an increasing trend since 1970s. Although previous studies have suggested that these recent hot European summers could have been instigated by the underlying surface thermal conditions, the po...
Atmospheric scienceClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-020-0110-8
ISSN:2397-3722
Weather whiplash events in Europe and North Atlantic assessed as continental-scale atmospheric regime shifts
Jennifer A. Francis•Natasa Skific•Zachary Zobel
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/12/21
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-13
The term “weather whiplash” describes abrupt transitions from one persistent weather regime to another substantially different one, such as from a frigid cold spell to anomalous warmth. Weather whiplash events (WWEs) are often highly disruptive to agriculture, ecosystems, infrastructure, and human a...
Atmospheric dynamicsAtmospheric scienceClimate sciences
10.1038/S41612-023-00542-9
ISSN:2397-3722
Atmospheric modes fiddling the simulated ENSO impact on tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific
Jiuwei Zhao•Ruifen Zhan•Hiroyuki Murakami•Yuqing Wang•Shang-Ping Xie等 7 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2023
•2023/12/19
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-12
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is crucial to the interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP). However, most state-of-the-art climate models exhibit a consistent pattern of uncertainty in the simulated TC genesis frequency (TCGF) over the WNP...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate and Earth system modelling
10.1038/S41612-023-00537-6
ISSN:2397-3722
Overemphasized role of preceding strong El Niño in generating multi-year La Niña events
Ji-Won Kim•Jin-Yi Yu•Baijun Tian
Nature Communications
2023
•2023/10/25
•Vol.14 No.1 p.1-11
Previous studies have emphasized the significance of a strong El Niño preceding La Niña (LN) in the formation of multi-year LN events due to the slow recharge-discharge ocean heat content process. However, observational analyses from 1900 to 2022 reveal that the majority (64%) of multi-year LN event...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-023-42373-5
ISSN:2041-1723
Increase in Cape Verde hurricanes during Atlantic Niño
Dongmin Kim•Sang-Ki Lee•Hosmay Lopez•Gregory R. Foltz•Caihong Wen等 7 人
Nature Communications
2023
•2023/6/22
•Vol.14 No.1 p.1-8
At seasonal-to-interannual timescales, Atlantic hurricane activity is greatly modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Meridional Mode. However, those climate modes develop predominantly in boreal winter or spring and are weaker during the Atlantic hurricane season (June–November)....
Atmospheric dynamicsAtmospheric scienceNatural hazards
10.1038/S41467-023-39467-5
ISSN:2041-1723
Asynchronous abrupt warming across Eurasia since the 1980s
Yansong Li•Weili Duan•Zhenzhong Zeng•Shan Zou•Xu Wang等 8 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/9/25
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-11
Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of temperature change is crucial for addressing global warming, particularly as regional climate systems may have passed critical tipping points. Here, we examine temperature change characteristics and influencing factors across the Eurasia from 1901 to 2022...
Climate changeClimate sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01209-3
ISSN:2397-3722
Counteracting greenhouse gas and aerosol influences intensify global water seasonality over the past century
Fubo Zhao•Wenbo Shi•Yiping Wu•Yanqing Lian•Qiang Li
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/1/18
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-9
Variations in water availability seasonality significantly impact society and ecosystems. While many studies have focused on mean or extreme precipitation, the response of water availability seasonality, influencing yearly water distribution beyond individual extremes, to human-induced climate chang...
Climate-change impactsHydrology
10.1038/S43247-025-02025-6
ISSN:2662-4435
Decomposition of Pacific Decadal Oscillation using linear inverse models sheds light on its dominant modes and future response
Sheng Wu•Emanuele Di Lorenzo•Yingying Zhao•Matthew Newman•Zhengyu Liu等 9 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2026
•2026/1/10
•Vol.9 No.1 p.430
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the leading mode of North Pacific climate variability, yet its response to climate change remains uncertain. Here, we use Linear Inverse Model (LIM) diagnostics to decompose PDO into three dynamical constituents: the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) mode, the...
Climate changeOcean sciencesPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-025-01315-2
ISSN:2397-3722
Physical drivers of the summer 2019 North Pacific marine heatwave
Dillon J. Amaya•Arthur J. Miller•Shang-Ping Xie•Yu Kosaka
Nature Communications
2020
•2020/4/20
•Vol.11 No.1 p.1-9
Summer 2019 observations show a rapid resurgence of the Blob-like warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that produced devastating marine impacts in the Northeast Pacific during winter 2013/2014. Unlike the original Blob, Blob 2.0 peaked in the summer, a season when little is known about the p...
Atmospheric scienceClimate and Earth system modellingOcean sciences
10.1038/S41467-020-15820-W
ISSN:2041-1723
Sub-seasonal impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on development of the Indian Ocean Dipole
Hyo-Jin Park•Soon-Il An•Jae-Heung Park•Young-Min Yang•Soong-Ki Kim
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/5/15
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-12
The Indian Ocean Dipole exhibits large variations in its evolution depending on the presence of El Niño, with notable changes in intensity, duration, and peak phase. Here, using a simple Indian Ocean Dipole model and observational-reanalysis datasets, we revealed that Indian Ocean Dipole events co-e...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate sciences
10.1038/S43247-025-02302-4
ISSN:2662-4435
Two different propagation patterns of spatiotemporally contiguous heatwaves in China
Luo Ming•Wang Xiaoyu•Dong Na•Zhang Wei•Li Jing等 9 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2022
•2022/11/14
•Vol.5 No.1 p.1-11
Heatwaves detrimentally affect human health and ecosystems. While previous studies focused on either temporal changes or spatial extents of heatwaves, their spatiotemporal contiguity and propagation patterns are unclear. Here, we investigate the climatology, long-term trends, and interannual variati...
Atmospheric dynamicsClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41612-022-00313-Y
ISSN:2397-3722
Diversity of La Niña onset
Xiao Pan•Tim Li
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2025
•2025/7/11
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-10
Three La Niña onset types were identified by the K-means cluster analysis of equatorial sea surface temperature anomaly evolutions during the past 111 years (1910–2020). The first type is characterized by a slow basin-wide transition from a neutral year to La Niña, driven by tropical North Atlantic ...
Atmospheric dynamicsAtmospheric scienceOcean sciences
10.1038/S41612-025-01141-6
ISSN:2397-3722
Crucial role of subsurface ocean variability in tropical cyclone genesis
Cong Gao•Lei Zhou•I.-I. Lin•Chunzai Wang•Shoude Guan等 7 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/1/26
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-10
The upper ocean provides thermal energy to tropical cyclones. However, the impacts of the subsurface ocean on tropical cyclogenesis have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that the subsurface variabilities associated with the variation in the 26 °C isothermal depth have pronounced impacts on tro...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-025-56433-5
ISSN:2041-1723
Extreme coastal El Niño events are tightly linked to the development of the Pacific Meridional Modes
Cristian Martinez-Villalobos•Boris Dewitte•René D. Garreaud•Leandra Loyola
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2024
•2024/6/10
•Vol.7 No.1 p.1-14
Coastal El Niño events—marine heatwaves instances in the far eastern Tropical Pacific during otherwise basin-scale neutral or cold conditions—can have severe societal impacts for countries along the west coast of South America, as exemplified by the 2017 and 2023 Peru-Ecuador floods. Due to the brev...
Atmospheric dynamicsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41612-024-00675-5
ISSN:2397-3722