Natural Earth public domain map dataset
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Natural Earth is a public domain map dataset providing tightly integrated vector and raster data for small-scale cartography at 1:10m, 1:50m, and 1:110m scales. It contains carefully generalized geographic layers such as boundaries, hydrography, and populated places, designed so that linework is consistent and different layers align precisely (e.g., coincident rivers and borders). Features include embedded names with importance rankings and additional GIS-oriented attributes (such as river width for tapered symbology) to speed map production. The dataset is intended to help cartographers and GIS users quickly create clean, legible, visually pleasing maps without extensive data cleaning or reconciliation.
www.naturalearthdata.com
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Nature Communications
2023
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Nature Communications
2025
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Nature
2025
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•00 p.1-9
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10.1038/S41586-025-09799-X
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Nature Climate Change
2022
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ISSN:1758-678X
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Nature Climate Change
2021
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10.1038/S41558-021-01060-3
ISSN:1758-678X
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Nature Communications
2025
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Nature Ecology & Evolution
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Nature Communications
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ISSN:2041-1723
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Nature Sustainability
2023
•2023/1/26
•00 p.1-12
In our globalized economy, the consumption of goods and services induces economic benefits but also environmental pressures and impacts around the world. Consumption levels are especially high in the current 27 member countries of the European Union (EU), which are some of the wealthiest economies i...
Ecological modellingEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S41893-022-01055-8
ISSN:2398-9629
Invasive potential of tropical fruit flies in temperate regions under climate change
Gutierrez Andrew Paul•Ponti Luigi•Neteler Markus•Suckling David Maxwell•Cure José Ricardo
Communications Biology
2021
•2021/9/30
•Vol.4 No.1 p.1-14
Tropical fruit flies are considered among the most economically important invasive species detected in temperate areas of the United States and the European Union. Detections often trigger quarantine and eradication programs that are conducted without a holistic understanding of the threat posed. We...
AgricultureInvasive species
10.1038/S42003-021-02599-9
ISSN:2399-3642
Strengthening influence of atmospheric rivers on global snow depth dynamics
Haili Li•Chang-Qing Ke•Xiaoyi Shen•Suhui Wu•Qinghui Zhu等 12 人
Nature Communications
2026
•2026/4/22
0Atmospheric rivers (ARs), narrow zones of intense water vapor transport in the Earth’s atmosphere, play a pivotal role in driving heavy precipitation and temperature anomalies. Snowpack dynamics, essential for global water availability, are sensitive to variations in precipitation and temperature. H...
Atmospheric dynamicsCryospheric science
10.1038/S41467-026-71969-W
ISSN:2041-1723
Mapping global avian influenza risk patterns through waterbird activity entropy
Yuzhe Li•Yuxin Qiao•Yue Zhan•Jinwei Dong•Mariëlle van Toor等 14 人
Nature Communications
2026
•2026/3/7
•Vol.17 No.1 p.36060
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) pose a major zoonotic threat with pandemic potential. Waterbirds facilitate AIV spillovers into farm animals and humans through exposure and virus reassortment. Here, we propose waterbird activity entropy (WAE), an indicator of waterbird activity intensity based on mont...
Ecological epidemiologyEcological modellingInfluenza virus
10.1038/S41467-026-70432-0
ISSN:2041-1723
Acute mental health benefits of urban nature
Yingjie Li•Yuanyuan Mao•Lisa Mandle•Anders Rydström•Roy P. Remme等 13 人
Nature Cities
2025
•2025/7/30
•00 p.1-12
Mental disorders are more prevalent in cities, yet the global impact of urban nature on mental health remains insufficiently understood. Here we address this gap by systematically reviewing 449 peer-reviewed studies and conducting a meta-analysis of 78 field-based experiments to quantify the effects...
Ecosystem servicesPsychology and behaviourUrban ecology
10.1038/S44284-025-00286-Y
ISSN:2731-9997
Targeting ocean conservation outcomes through threat reduction
Joseph A. Turner•Malcolm Starkey•Nicholas K. Dulvy•Frank Hawkins•Louise Mair等 14 人
Npj Ocean Sustainability
2024
•2024/1/23
•Vol.3 No.1 p.1-10
Nations have committed to reductions in the global rate of species extinctions through the Sustainable Development Goals 14 and 15, for ocean and terrestrial species, respectively. Biodiversity loss is worsening despite rapid growth in the number and extent of protected areas, both at sea and on lan...
Conservation biologyMarine biology
10.1038/S44183-023-00040-8
ISSN:2731-426X
Climate and land-use changes reduce the benefits of terrestrial protected areas
Asamoah Ernest F.•Beaumont Linda J.•Maina Joseph M.
Nature Climate Change
2021
•2021/11/25
•00 p.1-6
Expanding and enhancing protected area networks (PAs) is at the forefront of efforts to conserve and restore global biodiversity but climate change and habitat loss can interact synergistically to undermine the potential benefits of PAs. Targeting conservation, adaptation and mitigation efforts requ...
BiodiversityClimate-change impacts
10.1038/S41558-021-01223-2
ISSN:1758-678X
The global distribution of avian eggshell colours suggest a thermoregulatory benefit of darker pigmentation
Phillip A. Wisocki•Patrick Kennelly•Indira Rojas Rivera•Phillip Cassey•Mark L. Burkey等 6 人
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2019
•2019/10/28
•Vol.4 No.1 p.148-155
The survival of a bird’s developing embryo depends on the egg’s ability to stay within strict thermal limits. How eggshell colours help maintain thermal balance is a long-standing and contested question. Using data spanning a wide phylogenetic diversity of birds on a global spatial scale, we find ev...
BiogeographyEvolutionary ecology
10.1038/S41559-019-1003-2
ISSN:2397-334X
The role of land use in terrestrial support of boreal lake food webs
Ossi Keva•Matthew R. D. Cobain•Antti P. Eloranta•Heikki Hämäläinen•Mikko Kiljunen等 7 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/4/15
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-12
There is growing awareness of the importance of cross-boundary energy and nutrient transfers between adjacent ecosystems. Lake ecosystems receive inputs of terrestrial organic matter that microbes can make available to higher level consumers. However, how environmental drivers influence this terrest...
Ecological modellingEcological networksFood websFreshwater ecology
10.1038/S41467-025-58505-Y
ISSN:2041-1723
Species responses to weather anomalies depend on local adaptation and range position
Yolanda Melero•Luke C. Evans•Mikko Kuussaari•Reto Schmucki•Constantí Stefanescu等 7 人
Communications Biology
2025
•2025/4/24
•Vol.8 No.1 p.1-10
Species show intra-specific variation in responses to climate change linked to adaptation to the local climatic conditions. Likewise, species are expected to be more resilient to climate change at the centre of their bioclimatic niche, but this pattern is not general. We show that species sensitivit...
BiodiversityPopulation dynamics
10.1038/S42003-025-08032-9
ISSN:2399-3642
Impact of Amazonian deforestation on precipitation reverses between seasons
Yingzuo Qin•Dashan Wang•Alan D. Ziegler•Bojie Fu•Zhenzhong Zeng
Nature
2025
•2025/3/5
•Vol.639 No.8053 p.102-108
Tropical deforestation was found to cause large reductions in precipitation using a range of observation-based datasets1. However, the limitations of satellite-based space-for-time statistical analysis have hindered understanding of the roles of reshaped mesoscale atmospheric circulation and re...
ForestryHydrologyTropical ecologyWater resources
10.1038/S41586-024-08570-Y
ISSN:0028-0836
Response time of global deltas to changes in fluvial sediment supply
Jie Wang•Zhijun Dai•Xuefei Mei•Huan-Feng Duan•Jaap H. Nienhuis
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/7/1
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-11
Fluvial sediment supply supports global delta growth, yet the relationship between these two key variables remains difficult to verify for modern river deltas. Part of the complication might be that deltas are slow to adjust to changes in fluvial sediment supply. To test this hypothesis, here we ana...
GeomorphologyHydrologyPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-025-60531-9
ISSN:2041-1723
Oil crop supply chains drive rising global biodiversity loss and outsource impacts to the tropics
Shuntian Wang•Livia Cabernard•Martin Bruckner•Maulana Permana Ajie•Stephan Pfister
Nature Food
2026
•2026/6/19
•00 p.1-14
Oil crop expansion threatens global biodiversity, yet its supply chain impacts remain poorly quantified. Here we analyse biodiversity impacts along oil crop supply chains from 1995 to 2020 using spatially explicit assessments, a hybridized multi-regional input–output framework, enhanced supply chain...
Environmental impactSustainability
10.1038/S43016-026-01375-4
ISSN:2662-1355
Environmental impacts from European food consumption can be reduced with carbon pricing or a value-added tax reform
Charlotte Plinke•Michael Sureth•Matthias Kalkuhl
Nature Food
2026
•2026/1/20
•Vol.7 No.1 p.74-87
Food consumption generates substantial environmental externalities that remain insufficiently addressed by public policies. Here we explore the global environmental footprints induced by food consumption in the European Union (EU27) based on a multi-regional input–output model, and assess the potent...
Climate-change policyEconomicsEnvironmental economicsEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S43016-025-01284-Y
ISSN:2662-1355
Likelihood of unprecedented drought and fire weather during Australia’s 2019 megafires
Squire Dougal T.•Richardson Doug•Risbey James S.•Black Amanda S.•Kitsios Vassili等 9 人
Npj Climate And Atmospheric Science
2021
•2021/12/8
•Vol.4 No.1 p.1-12
Between June 2019 and March 2020, thousands of wildfires spread devastation across Australia at the tragic cost of many lives, vast areas of burnt forest, and estimated economic losses upward of AU$100 billion. Exceptionally hot and dry weather conditions, and preceding years of severe drought acros...
Atmospheric scienceClimate and Earth system modellingClimate sciencesEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S41612-021-00220-8
ISSN:2397-3722
Natural variation in OsTPS8 confers differential regulation of chalkiness and seed vigor in indica and japonica rice
Xiaoli Chen•Yulong Ren•Hui Dong•Xiaokang Jiang•Xiaoming Zheng等 30 人
Nature Genetics
2025
•2025/12/15
•00 p.1-12
Chalkiness and seed vigor are major agronomic traits affecting rice grain quality and productivity, respectively. Little is known about the intrinsic relationship and the regulatory mechanisms of these two traits. Here we identified a chalkiness locus qPGWC-8, which encodes trehalose-6-phosphate syn...
GeneticsPlant sciences
10.1038/S41588-025-02429-2
ISSN:1061-4036
Geopolitical risks impede global shipping decarbonization progress
Pengjun Zhao•Tianyu Ma•Tong Zhao•Renrong Xiao•Tingting Kang
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/10/26
•Vol.6 No.1 p.1-11
Decarbonizing global shipping is crucial to achieving international climate goals. However, efforts in this field may be inhibited by geopolitical risks that profoundly affect global shipping. Here, we use natural language processing on an over 500-million-word corpus to quantify the shipping decarb...
GeographyPsychology and behaviourSustainability
10.1038/S43247-025-02852-7
ISSN:2662-4435
EBV strain interacts with host HLA to drive nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk
Yanhong Chen•Jingtong Liang•Wanlin Zhang•Xinyu Zhang•Xinyi Zhang等 31 人
Nature
2026
•2026/4/15
•00 p.1-10
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide but is associated with endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) specifically in southern China1–4. Here, through a stepwise host–EBV genome interaction analysis, we identify a genetic interaction between HLA-A*11:01 and the high-risk E...
Evolutionary geneticsGenetic interactionGenome-wide association studiesHead and neck cancerHerpes virus
10.1038/S41586-026-10416-8
ISSN:0028-0836
A large-scale view of marine heatwaves revealed by archetype analysis
Chapman Christopher C.•Monselesan Didier P.•Risbey James S.•Feng Ming•Sloyan Bernadette M.
Nature Communications
2022
•2022/12/21
•Vol.13 No.1 p.1-16
Marine heatwaves can have disastrous impacts on ecosystems and marine industries. Given their potential consequences, it is important to understand how broad-scale climate variability influences the probability of localised extreme events. Here, we employ an advanced data-mining methodology, archety...
Natural hazardsPhysical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-022-35493-X
ISSN:2041-1723
Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes
Luke Grant•Inne Vanderkelen•Lukas Gudmundsson•Erich Fischer•Sonia I. Seneviratne等 6 人
Nature
2025
•2025/5/7
•Vol.641 No.8062 p.374-379
Climate extremes are escalating under anthropogenic climate change1. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumul...
Climate-change impactsProjection and prediction
10.1038/S41586-025-08907-1
ISSN:0028-0836
Recent south-central Andes water crisis driven by Antarctic amplification is unprecedented over the last eight centuries
Shijie Wang•Mao Hu•Feng Chen•Xiaoen Zhao•Martín A. Hadad等 14 人
Communications Earth & Environment
2025
•2025/11/20
•Vol.6 No.1 p.9370
Rivers originating from the Andes Mountains are vital water sources for agricultural and societal needs in South America, yet are increasingly threatened by climate change. Here we reconstruct streamflow of the Negro River (Rió Negro) in northern Patagonia over the past 827 years using tree-ring rec...
Climate changeHydrologyNatural hazardsPalaeoclimate
10.1038/S43247-025-02858-1
ISSN:2662-4435
A global meta-analysis on the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on grasslands and croplands
Ting-Shuai Shi•Scott L. Collins•Kailiang Yu•Josep Peñuelas•Jordi Sardans等 7 人
Nature Communications
2024
•2024/4/22
•Vol.15 No.1 p.1-10
A central role for nature-based solution is to identify optimal management practices to address environmental challenges, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Inorganic fertilization increases plant aboveground biomass but often causes a tradeoff with plant diversity loss. I...
AgroecologyClimate-change ecologyGrassland ecology
10.1038/S41467-024-47829-W
ISSN:2041-1723
Balanced and imbalanced: global population spatial mobility and economic patterns in coastal and interior areas
Xiaoming Jin•Weixin Luan•Jun Yang•Chuang Tian
Humanities And Social Sciences Communications
2024
•2024/9/16
•Vol.11 No.1 p.1-14
The evolution process of regional space between coastal and interior areas is a direct manifestation of the theory of regional economic development imbalance. Previous research has neglected the impacts of population, and economic factor flows on the balance of regional development between coastal a...
Development studiesEconomicsGeography
10.1057/S41599-024-03747-2
ISSN:2662-9992
Global increases of salt intrusion in estuaries under future environmental conditions
Jiyong Lee•Bouke Biemond•Daan van Keulen•Ymkje Huismans•René M. van Westen等 8 人
Nature Communications
2025
•2025/4/15
•Vol.16 No.1 p.1-9
In recent years, increased salt intrusion in surface waters has threatened freshwater availability in coastal regions worldwide. Yet, current future projections of salt intrusion are limited to local regions or changes to single forcing agents. Here, we quantify compounding contributions from change...
Physical oceanography
10.1038/S41467-025-58783-6
ISSN:2041-1723
Genetic architecture in Greenland is shaped by demography, structure and selection
Frederik Filip Stæger•Mette K. Andersen•Zilong Li•Jasmin Pernille Hjerresen•Shixu He等 27 人
Nature
2025
•2025/2/12
•Vol.639 No.8054 p.404-410
Greenlandic Inuit and other indigenous populations are underrepresented in genetic research1,2, leading to inequity in healthcare opportunities. To address this, we performed analyses of sequenced or imputed genomes of 5,996 Greenlanders with extensive phenotypes. We quantified their historical popu...
Genetics researchGenome-wide association studiesMedical geneticsPopulation geneticsRisk factors
10.1038/S41586-024-08516-4
ISSN:0028-0836