This dataset was created as part of the joint research project “Material and technology development for flame-retardant veneer-basalt fiber composites (HoBaCo)”. As part of the project, a composite material made of beech veneer and basalt fiber fabric was developed, which is bonded or impregnated with a bio-based phenolic resin. For material development, all mechanical parameters of the individual components (veneer) were determined under two different climatic conditions. The dataset contains a total of 402 data files within 20 test series for tensile, compressive, and shear tests on 2.5 mm thick rotary cut veneer from European beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.). The following parameters were varied within the test series: force direction: parallel to fiber direction, perpendicular to fiber direction (only for tension and compression) veneer surface coating: without (native) and coated with PF-resin (120 g/m²; coated on both sides) test conditions: 50% relative humidity and 85% relative humidity at 20 °C The data files are located in the “01_Data” directory with categorized subdirectories. Each data file contains a header with descriptions of the following test parameters: wood species test type test conditions force direction measuring field length measuring field width temperature relative humidity testing speed specimen properties surface coating specimen length specimen width specimen thickness density moisture content and followed by the measured stress-strain data with the following columns: stress_MPa: stress in force direction, tension and shear with positive sign, compression with negative sign stain: strain in force direction transverse strain: strain perpendicular to force direction, only for tension and compression The “02_Results” directory contains two files with evaluated mechanical properties per test (results.csv) and as mean values per test series (results_mean.csv). The evaluated parameters are: modulus_MPa: Young’s modulus for tension and compression, shear modulus for shear test poisson: Poisson’s ratio, only for tension and compression ultimate_stress_MPa: maximum stress at failure ultimate_strain: strain at failure A data paper describing the test methods used to determine the experimental data related to this repository is being submitted for publication.