Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4.11, Revision 11) is a globally consistent set of raster datasets modeling human population distribution as population counts and densities on a continuous surface. It is built by matching population census tables and corresponding administrative boundary units, using the most detailed inputs available from the 2010 round of Population and Housing Censuses (collected 2005–2014). The census-based inputs are extrapolated to provide population estimates for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, with additional versions adjusted to national totals using United Nations World Population Prospects. Outputs are gridded at 30 arc-seconds (~1 km) and include supporting layers such as land/water area, mean administrative unit area, national identifier grids, and water masks for research, policy-making, and communication across social, economic, and Earth science applications.