This dataset was created as part of the joint research project “Wood-based materials in mechanical engineering (HoMaba)”. The focus of the project was to enable wood and wood-based materials to be used in mechanical engineering applications. This was to be achieved by improving the predictability of their behaviour. To calculate and simulate wood-based materials (veneer composites), it was necessary to determine the basic mechanical behavior of veneer. The dataset contains a total of 1188 data files within 60 test series for tensile, compressive, and shear tests on rotary-cut veneer. The following parameters were varied within the test series: wood species: European beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) veneer thickness: 1, 2, 3 mm force direction: parallel to fiber direction, perpendicular to fiber direction (only for tension and compression) veneer surface coating: without (native) and coated with PRF-resin (220 g/m² per each surface; Dynea AS Aerodux 185) The data files are located in the “01_Data” directory with categorized subdirectories. Each data file contains a header with descriptions of the following test parameters: wood species test type test conditions force direction measuring field length measuring field width temperature relative humidity testing speed specimen properties surface coating specimen length specimen width specimen thickness density moisture content and followed by the measured stress-strain data with the following columns: stress_MPa: stress in force direction, tension and shear with positive sign, compression with negative sign stain: strain in force direction transverse strain: strain perpendicular to force direction, only for tension and compression The “02_Results” directory contains two files with evaluated mechanical properties per test (results.csv) and as mean values per test series (results_mean.csv). The evaluated parameters are: modulus_MPa: Young’s modulus for tension and compression, shear modulus for shear test poisson: Poisson’s ratio, only for tension and compression ultimate_stress_MPa: maximum stress at failure ultimate_strain: strain at failure A data paper describing the test methods used to determine the experimental data related to this repository is being submitted for publication.