LandScan Global Population Count (estimate)
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LandScan Global Population Count (estimate)

LandScan is a global population data platform developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that provides estimated human population distribution worldwide at 100-meter grid resolution. The dataset contains high-resolution population counts for geographic cells, with values ranging from very low to very high concentrations, enabling detailed spatial analysis of where people live and how populations are distributed across the globe. Designed as dynamic, globally comprehensive population data, LandScan supports applications such as disaster response, humanitarian assistance, environmental assessment, and urban planning by helping users explore, search, filter, and download population estimates for different datasets and years.

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Substantial differences in source contributions to carbon emissions and health damage necessitate balanced synergistic control plans in China

Yilin ChenHuizhong ShenGuofeng ShenJianmin MaYafang Cheng9
Nature Communications
2024
2024/7/13
Vol.15 No.1 p.1-11
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Environmental impact
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Global food trade can mitigate substantial health burdens attributed to ambient PM2.5 pollution

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Estimation of economic loss by earthquakes in Taiwan Region

Yang ShiYilong LiZhenguo Zhang
Npj Natural Hazards
2024
2024/11/7
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Earthquakes in the Taiwan region have caused significant economic losses. We develop a model to assess seismic economic losses in the Taiwan region using the records of economic losses caused by historical earthquakes. Unlike existing models, we introduce Gross National Income Per Capita (GNIPC) as ...
Natural hazardsSolid Earth sciences
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ISSN:2948-2100

Air quality and health co-benefits of China’s carbon dioxide emissions peaking before 2030

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Nature Communications
2022
2022/2/23
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-9
Recent evidence shows that carbon emissions in China are likely to peak ahead of 2030. However, the social and economic impacts of such an early carbon peak have rarely been assessed. Here we focus on the economic costs and health benefits of different carbon mitigation pathways, considering both po...
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Downscaling top-down CO2 emissions and sinks in China empowered by hybrid training

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Environmental burden and health inequity in China’s road-based express delivery

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00 p.1-10
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Hospitalization risks associated with floods in a multi-country study

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Global increases in built-up volume indicate more divergent and less dispersed urban expansion patterns

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Nature Communications
2026
2026/2/21
Vol.17 No.1 p.27100
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Divergent latitude-specific urban humid heat risks are regulated by local climate types

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Communications Earth & Environment
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2026/3/26
0
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Communications Sustainability
2026
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Nature Sustainability
2025
2025/7/14
00 p.1-11
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10.1038/S41893-025-01594-W
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2026/1/28
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Global health benefits and cost-effectiveness of indoor air purification to mitigate PM2.5 from wildfire smoke

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Nature Health
2026
2026/4/7
00 p.1-15
Climate change is intensifying wildfire frequency and severity globally, with wildfire-related fine particulate matter (fire-PM2.5) emerging as a critical health threat. Despite urgent mitigation needs, no comprehensive global assessment has explored timely interventions integrating health gains and...
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10.1038/S44360-026-00105-1
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Economic impacts of capital city relocation in Myanmar

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Nature Cities
2025
2025/3/17
00 p.1-5
A common economic motivation for relocating a country’s capital city is to mitigate big-city problems in the former capital and foster economic growth in the new capital. Analyzing the relocation of Myanmar’s capital city, we find that the economic losses in the former capital outweigh the near-term...
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Energy production and water savings from floating solar photovoltaics on global reservoirs

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Nature Sustainability
2023
2023/3/13
00 p.1-10
Growing global energy use and the adoption of sustainability goals to limit carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning are increasing the demand for clean energy, including solar. Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems on reservoirs are advantageous over traditional ground-mounted solar systems in terms...
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Future enhanced threshold effects of wildfire drivers could increase burned areas in northern mid- and high latitudes

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Communications Earth & Environment
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Wildfires exhibit extensive nonlinear characteristics and threshold effects in response to environmental changes. However, how threshold effects affect wildfire responses and their future changes remains unclear. Here we identified thresholds where wildfire-driver relationships shift and estimated t...
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Tropical deforestation is associated with considerable heat-related mortality

C. L. ReddingtonC. SmithE. W. ButtJ. C. A. BakerB. F. A. Oliveira7
Nature Climate Change
2025
2025/8/27
00 p.1-8
Tropical deforestation induces local warming and is a potential human health risk, having been linked to elevated human heat stress and reduced safe outdoor working hours. Here we show deforestation-induced local warming is associated with 28,000 (95% confidence interval: 23,610–33,560) heat-related...
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10.1038/S41558-025-02411-0
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Substantially underestimated global health risks of current ozone pollution

Yuan WangYuanjian YangQiangqiang YuanTongwen LiYi Zhou13
Nature Communications
2025
2025/1/2
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-15
Existing assessments might have underappreciated ozone-related health impacts worldwide. Here our study assesses current global ozone pollution using the high-resolution (0.05°) estimation from a geo-ensemble learning model, with key focuses on population exposure and all-cause mortality burden. Our...
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Risk caused by the propagation of earthquake losses through the economy

León J. A.Ordaz M.Haddad E.Araújo I. F.
Nature Communications
2022
2022/5/25
Vol.13 No.1 p.1-11
The economy of a country is exposed to disruptions caused by natural and man-made disasters. Here we present a set of probabilistic risk indicators, the Average Annual Loss (AAL) and the Loss Exceedance Curve (LEC), regarding to production, employment, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Regional Pr...
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A global-scale framework for hydropower development incorporating strict environmental constraints

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Nature Water
2023
2023/1/16
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The benefits of developing the world’s hydropower potential are intensely debated when considering the need to avoid or minimize environmental impacts. However, estimates of global unused profitable hydropower potential with strict environmental constraints have rarely been reported. In this study w...
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Increase in economic losses despite a decline in fine particulate matter-related mortality reveals deepening inequality in China

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2026
2026/4/6
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Despite substantial reductions in ambient particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) concentrations across China since the Air Pollution Prevention Plan began in 2013, the associated health and economic burdens remain unevenly distributed, reinforcing structural inequalities. Here,...
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10.1038/S43247-026-03462-7
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Regional priorities in implementing forestation and wind energy as climate solutions in facing their trade-offs

Pengyi ZhangFen GouZhaorong ZhuWei LiangHan Zhang7
Nature Communications
2026
2026/4/10
0
Both forestation and wind-energy upscaling are crucial climate solutions, but they may have conflicts as forestation can increase surface roughness and reduce wind speed. Here, based on coupled land-atmosphere simulations with contrasting forest areas, we report a notable trade-off between wind ener...
Climate and Earth system modellingClimate-change mitigationEnergy and societyForest ecology
10.1038/S41467-026-71674-8
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Pathways to spatial equity: lessons from global patterns of urban infrastructure diversity

Zhixing ChenQihao Weng
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2026
2026/3/30
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10.1038/S42949-026-00378-1
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Machine learning reveals disruptive nutrient pollution shifts in Chinese rivers to 2100

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2026
2026/3/26
0
Anticipating nutrient pollution under changing conditions is urgent for water security. Nonetheless, high-resolution predictive frameworks capturing nonlinear driver responses remain limited. Here, we present a nationwide assessment of China’s water-quality evolution from 2023 to 2100, integrating o...
Climate sciencesEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental studies
10.1038/S41545-026-00571-W
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Comparing potential biodiversity conflicts from renewable energy expansion in China at different centralization levels

Zhijie ZhouSiyu SunJunjie ZhangYixin FangBinbin V. Li
Nature Ecology & Evolution
2026
2026/6/2
00 p.1-13
The rapid deployment of renewable energy creates urgent trade-offs with biodiversity conservation. The uneven distribution of renewable energy potential and biodiversity creates a critical governance challenge: at which administrative level should goal setting and spatial planning decisions be set t...
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Tropical cyclone rainfall extends inland

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2026
2026/3/14
0
Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall, which is typically more intense over the ocean, has increasingly caused devastating floods in coastal regions in recent decades. Regions beyond 100 km inland from coastlines often lack adequate preparedness for TC-induced flooding, underscoring the need to assess whet...
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10.1038/S41467-026-70647-1
ISSN:2041-1723

Machine learning-optimized composting strategies can enhance nutrient recycling and transform food system waste into a net carbon sink

Lu ZhangJunyu YangJunjie LiuQishun ZhouXuan Wang9
Nature Food
2026
2026/6/3
00 p.1-12
Composting organic waste offers a circular solution to recycle nutrients and restore soil health, but nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) losses during the process undermine its agricultural and climate benefits. Here, using a machine learning approach, we analyse 848 global manure, food waste and sewage sl...
Climate-change mitigationEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S43016-026-01361-W
ISSN:2662-1355

Surface warming in global cities is substantially more rapid than in rural background areas

Liu ZihanZhan WenfengBechtel BenjaminVoogt JamesLai Jiameng10
Communications Earth & Environment
2022
2022/9/29
Vol.3 No.1 p.1-9
Warming trends in cities are influenced both by large-scale climate processes and by local-scale urbanization. However, little is known about how surface warming trends of global cities differ from those characterized by weather observations in the rural background. Here, through statistical analyse...
Climate changeEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S43247-022-00539-X
ISSN:2662-4435

Dual impact of global urban overheating on mortality

Shasha WangWenfeng ZhanBingbing ZhouShilu TongTC Chakraborty14
Nature Climate Change
2025
2025/4/21
00 p.1-8
It is known that the urban heat island (UHI) effect could increase mortality in hot seasons, yet its potential health benefits during cold spells are often overlooked. Here we assess the beneficial and detrimental impacts of the UHI effect and associated cooling strategies on temperature-related mor...
Climate-change impactsEnvironmental impact
10.1038/S41558-025-02303-3
ISSN:1758-678X

Rising infrastructure inequalities accompany urbanization and economic development

Bhartendu PandeyChrista BrelsfordKaren C. Seto
Nature Communications
2025
2025/1/30
Vol.16 No.1 p.1-12
Impending global urban population growth is expected to occur with considerable infrastructure expansion. However, our understanding of attendant infrastructure inequalities is limited, highlighting a critical knowledge gap in the sustainable development implications of urbanization. Using satellite...
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10.1038/S41467-025-56539-W
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Projecting the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders associated with increasing humid heat in Shanghai

Chen LiangJiacan YuanRenhe ZhangXu TangGunter Schumann
Nature Mental Health
2025
2025/12/2
00 p.1-13
Residents of low-latitude megacities face growing vulnerability to humid-heat stress under urbanization and global warming, yet limited research has assessed the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders (MBDs) linked to humid-heat exposures in these cities. Here we quantify the hospital a...
Astronomy and planetary scienceRisk factors
10.1038/S44220-025-00519-Y
ISSN:2731-6076

A global conservation basic income to safeguard biodiversity

Emiel de LangeJocelyne S. SzeJames AllanScott AtkinsonHollie Booth8
Nature Sustainability
2023
2023/5/18
00 p.1-8
Biodiversity conservation supporting a global sustainability transformation must be inclusive, equitable, just and embrace plural values. The conservation basic income (CBI), a proposed unconditional cash transfer to individuals residing in important conservation areas, is a potentially powerful mec...
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10.1038/S41893-023-01115-7
ISSN:2398-9629